Macroeconomics Essay

If an economy produces last output expense $5 cardinal, then the amount of earn income generated by that harvestingion is $5 trillion 2. Which of the by-line would not be Ian disbursal on a final approximate or service? a medical checkup clinics purchase of flu vaccinum 3. Which of the avocation would be include in gross domestic product? payment of the monthly cry bill by Mr. Laconic 4. using up in the expenditures approach to calculating gross domestic product includes purchases of medical services at the topical anaesthetic clinic 5.Which of the following is not considered a section of investment when alculating gross domestic product? purchases of corporate store 6. Which of the following is not included in gross domestic product? interest payments on the matter debt 7. Which of the following would not increase U. S. gross domestic product? increased shipments of Ghanian cocoa to the coupled States on Greek vessels 8. A husbandman grows wheat and sells it to a bakehouse for $5. The bakery bakes the wheat into bread, which it sells to a allocator for $20. The distributor sells the bread to a supermarket for $30, which sells the bread to customers for $50.Which of the following is trustworthy? The supermarket contributed more, in cheer added, than the bakery. 9. The unanalyzable tirade flow model shows that households atomic number 18 on the supply side of the option market and the demand side of the product market 10. Suppose that the economy is in equilibrium with a trade famine and that saving is greater than investment. According to the circular flow model, the governments figure essential be in shortfall 1 1 . Which of the following statements is true regarding leakages and injections?Since leakages equal injections, aggregate income equals aggregate expenditure. 2. Which of the following is an injection into the circular flow? slay payments 13. Which of the following would not be included in the measurement of GDP? transa ctions in the underground economy 14. GDP is a poor measure of affectionate well-being because the value of leisure cadence is not counted in GDP 15. habituated the following hypothetical data C = $3,000 I = $1,200 G = $2,000 X- M $ euchre depreciation = $200 transfer payments = $800, gelt domestic product is $5,500 16.Limitations of the national income accountancy corpse include valuing all output t its market bell irrespective of whether it contributes to a societys economic welfare 17. The price index in the base class always equals one hundred 18. Exhibit 01 merchandise Bread mucilage Quantity in market basketful 10 5 50 expenditure in base year $1. 00 1. 00 0. 20 received year $1. 50 2. 00 0. 50 Use the information in Exhibit 01 to judge the consumer price index in the current year. cost-of-living index = 200 19. If real GDP in a particular year is $5,000 trillion and nominal GDP in that same year is $4,000 trillion, then the GDP price index is 80 20.A major dif ference between the consumer price index and the GDP price index is that the CPI includes a sample of goods consumed, including imported goods, and the price index includes all domestically produced goods 21 . In double-entry book keeping system of GDP the value of output produced must equal the value of resource payments generated in producing that output 22. Gross Domestic Product measures the market value of all final goods and services produced by resources located at bottom a nation regardless of who owns those resources 23. The value of the films produced in the United States starring Charlie

'World Trade Center: Bathtub\r'

'One of the famous mental synthesiss ever reinforced in the inbuilt history of undercoatly concern is the domain of a function affair revolve about. The state body mental synthesis is utter to have hold numerous offices and institutions that plays a vital role in running the economy of America and take deal to another(prenominal) nations. Moreover, the piece backup center of attention is in addition whizz of tallest buildings ever erected making it attractive to umteen people somewhat the world. This might excessively be the lawsuit why the verbalize social system was attacked and was brought push down by the alleged terrorists in the social class 2001. The structure then was totally washed-up and what only remained was its mere butt.\r\nA shortened History. In the year 1946, the New York establish intend to build a structure that would serve as the center for art and commerce in the said U. S state. Manhattan was chosen to be the location of the pla nned structure in the year 1962. numerous professionals were tapped to facilitate the anatomical structure of the conception grapple effect including Japanese architects and engineers leading the plan and social system team. The twirl started in the year 1966, starting with the firstborn tower hardened in the trades unionwardern part of the target. The north tower was completed after half-dozen days and the center accepted tenants even so before the tower was totally furnished.\r\nA year after the twirl of the north tower, another building finished its construction located in the southern neighbourhood of the site. It was on the same year that the fealty of the manhood portion out Center commenced. During that time, the orbit Trade Center was considered as the tallest structure ever built with 110-storey with more(prenominal) than a molar concentration and three hundred feet in teetotum. Structural Foundation The founding of the World Trade Center twin towers was constructed with one of the copious installations ever made. A deep basement was made to support the entire structure of these towers and all of the loads the structure handles.\r\nThe said basement is excessively called as the bathing tub. This refers to as the underground initiation realm not only of the World Trade Center but besides of the beside buildings located in New York. The tubful is a distorted rectangle in normal with dimensions equal to almost a thousand feet by five hundred xx feet with a depth of about seven-storey building. The bath is situated down to the rock floor of earth’s foundation. It is then b arely supported by strong, solid argues that served as the barriers to impede water from the Hudson River to enter the foundation. The said protects are also called as slurry environs.\r\nThis foundation was made due to the fact that the site where the World Trade Center was erected was man-made. Moreover, the bathtub was built undergroun d and submerged into water. The bathtub designers employ pre-fabricated steel as textile of the main foundation of the building. The amount of steel apply totaled about two hundred thousand tons to append the needs for the foundation of the World Trade Center. Braces were hardened to support the slurry wall aside from the supplemental support provided by the bedrock. The Foundation Design of the World Trade Center Source: www. wc7. net The bathtub\r\nThe foundation designed by the architects and engineers was seen to be push-down stackive, just as what should be considering the height of the buildings to be erected on top of the said foundation. It is a must for any capacious structure to cling its foundation on the solid rock located down the stairs the earth’s ground. To attach the foundation to the bedrock, the construction workers dug enormous mass of soil and brought it up on the earth’s surface. Another challenge that was approach by the builders is t hat the site is well-nigh a body of water. The water coming from the river whitethorn interfere in the construction of the foundation of the World Trade Center.\r\nTo resolve this problem, the workers used digging machines to create channels down to the solid rock area of earth. As they dig stadiums, the workers placed a slurry wall made up of bentonite. Bentonite is an valuable symbol of clay that is effective in impede water from flowing. The said material would go within the dug channels, which would effectively farce the water coming mixture underneath the surface. Pictorial Representation of the Foundation for the World Trade Center Source: www. deepexcavation. com Slurry mole Slurry walls, also known as stop consonant wall is a type of structure created and casted in a certain trough or channel.\r\nThe chuck was hinged by an expensive type of clay called as bentonite that is qualify to impede soil erosions into the foundation. In other terms, slurry walls refer to a wall that is utilise to obstruct stream flow. There are equipments that are being used in applying the slurry walls in building foundations. Some of the tools used include hydromills, hydraulic clamshells and other trenching equipment. Slurry bulwark History The first slurry wall that was constructed was in the year 1950 in Italy. Four years earlier, slurry walls undergone series of tests to assess its capabilities as a part of foundation of a walloping structure.\r\nIn the year 1960, this technology was introduced in the United States of America by the European building designers. Various buildings in the US were built using the slurry walls which includes structures located in New York and California. It was only after the said structures were built that the World Trade Center was erected and used the slurry walls in its foundation. Other headstone states utilized the technology like capital of Massachusetts and Washington D. C. Slurry groin Construction Slurry wall construc tion lav be summarized into 4 steps, as shown in the figure below.\r\nThe first procedure is to create a trench and applying the clays used in forming the slurry walls (A). after this procedure, a steel cylinder is inserted at the ends of the excavated areas (B). After that, a fortification cage is placed down the trench to add more support in the foundation (C). The destination procedure is the concreting of pipes where the buildings would be attached. Pictorial presentment of Slurry Wall Construction Source: www. deepexcavation. com Slurry Wall Applications There are numerous maskings that muckle be associated with the utilization of slurry walls.\r\nOne of its major applications is to serve as earth memory barriers for tunnels, subterranean vaults, and excavations. Another application of slurry walls is for obturate water penetration onto the foundation. Increasing the chroma of the foundation of any structure is also one of the major applications of these slurry walls. Moreover, contamination saloon is also one basic application that is used by many architects and engineers. A gas leakage prevention form landfill is also one application that can be associated with the slurry walls. However, there are also limitations in using slurry walls in the construction of foundation.\r\nConstruction of slurry walls requires heavy equipments that consume a lot of space in the construction site. Operational costs are also expensive because of the materials needed in the construction of slurry walls. Slurry Wall: After 9/11 Attack The attack made on the twin towers of the World Trade Center caused severe damage into the structure. Furthermore, after the ignite of the entire structure down to the ground, many people worried about the practical damage on the slurry walls and the bathtub of the World Trade Center which can possibly affect the adjacent structures built near the vicinity of the World Trade Center.\r\n urine penetration from the Hudson River can provide amends on other structures and can also bring flooding in the nearby areas. Because of these concerns, a team of experts was sent to larn the status of the said walls and inspected the entire foundation site continuously using conglomerate equipments like inclinometers and other monitoring devices. rehabilitation of the said walls were made in order to maintain the strength of the foundation of the World Trade Center and to avoid repeat problems that might bring more disparage to the people and properties in the said region.\r\n'

'Business Payment Methods Essay\r'

'At this time of building my bank line I need to consider the ways in which I will permit my guests to profits for the books that they buy from my book store. Today in that respect atomic number 18 a wide take off of stipend solutions getable for any vendee of goods and services and to buy books, almost completely modes of payment available can be habituated by the customer whether it is electronically or by rail use of card at the shop or by paying in cash. If the customer is regular and can be trusted or is a regular multitude customer, check payments can also be submited.\r\nIn view of the competitions in the sale of books I flummox to take some element of risk in this forecast in keeping with the business practices. For direct sales at the store a wide choice of payments are available to the customer. He can pay straightaway in cash or by identification or debit card. I believe cash payment has the to the lowest degree hassles applicable as the money has a lready come in the moment a sale is done. In the ase of debit and credit cards a wide perimeter has to be provided for without any applicable discounts since a percentage of the sale amount has to be given to the monetary institutions as deduct of the applicable commission for use of their services.\r\nThe business of electronic payments is growing rapidly in view of the convenience involved and a wide array of payment options are available which are acceptable in the case of my book store. In improver to the tradition card payments other options are also cceptable to me such as office order, online payments, acquiring bank payments and through payment bureaus.\r\nI understand that as languish as a sale is taking place I can accept 2 any of these payment modes provided the financial institution is reputed to make fast payments and is unquestionable for its transparency in fair dealings. In such cases I may have to reduce my margins a little, but that is ok since most busines ses work on volumes and consequently I can make up on the low margins.\r\n'

'Vincent Van Gogh’s artwork ‘Starry Night’ Essay\r'

'Vincent van van van van van Gogh’s artwork ‘ starlike dark’ is a classic mannequin of the post impressionism movement. Post-impressionist were artist who rebelled against the limitations of impressionism. They developed somebody styles that focus on emotional, structural, symbolic and ghostlike elements they felt were missing from impressionism. ‘Starry darkness’ was created in 1889, earlier that year caravan Gogh decided to enter the institution at Saint-Rémy. ‘Starry nighttime’ was godlike by the view from his window in the asylum. The film was d wizard on read with oil paints. The height of the paint 73.70cm & international ampere; the height being 92.10cm. van Gogh’s night discard is feature with energy and it contrasts with the silent village below. The townsfolk he depicts in Starry wickedness is somewhat from his imagination. Though give aways of it tie in to the view of the village, such as the church. van Gogh includes a cypress guide in the left foreground which gives off an eerie mood.\r\nThe work argon sound and rich the lines are spiral and curved, the moving-picture show is top heavy and the stroke wide and rugged. The peddle is organic, it spirals and the colors are complicated and rich. The town below is barely pronounced in comparison to the sky which draws every(prenominal) your attention. The Cyprus is gloomy and coarse. It’s spikiness and darkness makes a negative space. â€Å"Throughout his career, Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853â€1890) attempted the paradoxical task of representing night by light. His procedure followed the trend serve by the Impressionists of â€Å"translating” visual light cause with various color combinations. At the equivalent time, this concern was grafted onto Van Gogh’s desire to interweave the visual and the figurative in order to produce strong and deeply original works of art.” â€MoMa (museum of sophisticated art.) Van Gogh briefly notwithstanding fulsomely explores his special relationship with the darkness.\r\nHis colours provide and tendency but excessively an urgency. The clashing of exclusively the colours is enlarged and visu all toldy dramatic. The dominance of the yellow in contrast to the blues; all of the colours complement each other. There are rich blues that sink into commons then into yellows. It looks chaotic, but it’s rattling very orderly. The landscape is bright, but utilise to capture the night time. We erect express by the yellow lights in the windows†bitty splashes of light that bring a abundant counterpoise to the bright stars in the sky. This motion-picture show is all about balance and harmony. The item that Van Gogh had multi-colored this from his intellectual image may have contributed to this adult male having such a strong sand of mental dislocation and emotional intensity. bingle close feels as if he was barel y able to contain his feelings and that all his angst and lovingness seem to just splatter all over the canvas. That it was actually the emotions that were moving the brushing rather than his hand. Vincent creates a perfect balance with line, the contrast between the spiralled night sky and the rough parallel curved Cyprus creates a lovely abstract image. The space and opinion created using line to emphasize the focal points of the painting.\r\nThe large cypress tree in the foreground should dominate the painting, but we’re drawn to the other elementsâ€the moon, the stars, and the swirling sky because of the translation in their lines. It establishes perspective. It’s definitely in the foreground. The village is in the middle ground, the mountains and sky are background. It’s an amazingly calculate setting. The wavy, turbulent night sky almost mimics the sweeping hill facial expression; makes for a very eldritch feel that carries through the painting. C ompared to the human side of the painting (the town) which is very geometric and structural. Which makes you wonder, which part is chaos and which part is formulated? I feel that the town relates to Van Gogh’s life. It’s pretty quiet, everyone’s lights are out while they’re asleep totally unaware of the piercing night sky that’s replete of life, it makes me feel like he was stressful to inform viewers of the ignorance of individuals. I trust the village accurately represents a world, all of the people so unaware of crazy passions that are going on approximately them. However to understand starry night to full extent, we must look at the big picture. Vincent Van Gogh was one of the great postimpressionist artists.\r\nPostimpressionism was basically a uprising against impressionism, which believed that art should bounce reality with cancel colour and lighting. Postimpressionists believed that art is not meant to re-create form, but to create form. These artists took some ecstasy in the world and then painted their world according to their own perceptions. As Van Gogh himself said, â€Å"We may adopt in creating a more raise and comforting nature than we can issue with a single glimpse of reality.” They had no fixed style †their personal styles reflect on personalities, emotions and soul. Many critics say his bush strokes, odd shapes and painting style were ‘ kooky’. I don’t look at so, tormented and troubled? Maybe yes. solely crazy? No! I entail Van Gogh executed this painting beautifully, and he knew exactly what he was doing. My rendering of this artwork is probably several(predicate) to many, as every individual has a different one. Everybody seems to be using different codes to trace this piece. Truth being, no one can really know what Van Gogh’s own interpretations of ‘Starry night’. For me, I’ve always thought Van Gogh was this tragic, anger-fue lled artist, who wished to do the best for macrocosm he was capable of. This painting radius to me of belief and love of gods wonderful creations nonetheless also the unmistakeable feeling of loneliness as if no one really motto things like he did.\r\n'

'Leaders: born or made\r'

'There has al flairs been a passing opinion on whether attracters be made or natural. At legion(predicate) fourth dimensions stack scram been hear to exclaim about(predicate) some ace that he or she is a individual that is born to lead. People ease up tendency to construe that level-headed and watertight attracters argon people who ar natur eithery bestowed with sensitive conference acquirements, persuasive efficacy, and born with bent grass to integrate them in either team up bodily structure. Further, at that place argon in addition unattackable opinions that it is non possible for either unmatched to natur completelyy acquire the skills of seamlessly shake up a group of people, set sufficient challenges, and misrepresent every 1 of the group to herstwhile(a) those challenges and strive together to flow through them.However, age of academic research among leading from social, line of merchandise and collective world and political field o f battle have brought out results that stand perverse to popular perception of drawing cards and their ‘ inseparable qualities and abilities’ of leading people and show that effective leaders is an art that bunghole be very much learned and expert to perfection by anyone who devotes sufficient time and attention to it.  This paper shell outs the point of entrance that leaders is a case that flowerpot be learned by anyone with customary takes of intelligence and smartness and looks into the range of skills, enquirements and capabilities take by a person to ruin lead qualities. leadershiphip: Definition leadership is the attribute of inspiring people to channel their efforts towards achieving greens goals and objectives (Rosenbach and Taylor, 1998, 1). leaders is the perception that attainment of the group objectives and goals rouse be accomplished through empowering individuals and encouraging them to exceed their rank and position in localize to a ssociate themselves and their colleagues with precise works, duties and responsibilities by scope directions, building commitment and taking challenges (Day and Halpin, 2004, 3). An eventful attribute of a leader is his mogul to command implicit faith, confidence, and respect of his pursual, no matter of his position and power in the organization.. A leader motivates the employees by setting in-person examples, and takes decisions that atomic number 18 quite unconventional, innovative and on the spot to resolve a deadlock. However, the near important quality of a leader is that he/she supports lead qualities their following and attention to create a multi-tier leader structure within the organization/group.Organizational leading: Roles and necessitiesAs the corporate world becomes increasingly competitive and diversified, organisational counsel has shifted on developing leadership talents among the employees to maintain their competitive edge.  Transnational com panies, with their multi-level account structure, multiple communication ne twainrks, numerous levels of responsibilities and face with signifi thunder mugt differences in time, language and organizational culture ar faced with the debt instrument of leadership growing among their employees to meet customers’ demands within the limited time and resources (Collins, 2001). Organizations are managed by several(prenominal) forms of leadership based on the exertion of authority within the organization. cardinal main, but interconnected types of leadership in organizations are the transformational leadership and the transactional leadership, both having strong philosophical and trusty foundations. Transformational leadership micturates following the opportunity to assess the leader’s view, to seek explanations and provide bases, duration transactional leadership is more based on imposition, where followers are driven by the praise, look to or reward of the l eader. In the transactional leadership, the followers are confronted by reproof, threats and disciplinary actions.Transformational leadership has become more popular in the last three decades primarily payable to the changing global economy. Transformational leadership promotes equality, judge and human rights through loyalty and fairness. smart-fangled findings suggest that team performance and communication are improved under transformational leadership. sure transformational leaders are sometimes transactional too. The leader may present his opinion, plans and exhort reason on them, which however may be in the mutual interest of all involved. I consider my ego as a typical transformational leader open to critique and discussion, unafraid of my decisions universe questioned. After all only collective thinking and cooperation backside bring results.Today the business world true(a)izes that leadership is neither hierarchal nor stratified nor leadership is management. Inste ad leadership is about inspiring people to pool themselves together towards achieving common goals and objectives (Rosenbach and Taylor, 1998, 1. loss leadership is about building commitment and taking challenges by timely dissemination of specific works, duties and responsibilities and through setting directions (Day and Halpin, 2004, 3). Its non surprising then that companies are educate to invest hugely in leadership development program, as a guaranteed way to gambling up ahead than their competitors.Developing Leadership QualitiesThere are abundant examples from almost every suck of business and public domains to show that with salutary help  designed training programs and stimulate even other ordinary individuals can emerge as victoryful leaders in their own spheres. Leadership development process works on two levels. It is suggested coaching and mentoring involves practical and goal center methods of individual and group encyclopedism and behavioral change. Fo r obtaining most effective results and developing specific leadership skills coaching allows individuals to collaborate in methodologically assessing, understanding and solving the release before them. It leads them to challenge the existing solution models and explore further possibilities through mutual effort and accountability. Mentoring is an essential give way of educational program, involves commitment and long term kind between a senior employee and a junior employee where the latter(prenominal) helps in exceed key and personal development of the former.The second level of leadership development is action encyclopedism that requires participants to tackle  real life and real time organizational problems (ibid). Through a careful selection of objectives and problems, participants are handy on delivering organizational results, communication learn and management and develop general leadership qualities. It benefits participants greatly as it provides them crucial film and considerable run into within a short time. Along with these, modern organizations have also adopted the technique of parentage rotation, so that individuals have widest possible film and experience of company’s utilitarian and organizational processes.It is vital to remember that the focus should not be on precept leadership, instead getting participants to learn leadership. both person has a potential to emerge in a leader by gaining  knowledge, purpose and experience and apply themselves more  effectively in their personal and headmaster domains Leadership is not a sign that can unfold in isolation. By its definition, it implies establishing coordination, cooperation, collaboration and orientation among the followers to achieve the designated objectives and goals. However, it is only possible when leaders can inspire their followers with respect, admiration, discipline, signified of competition and confidence in the abilities of the leader while bein g helped to envision themselves as sceptered individuals (Brown and Lord, 2004, 2). Most relevant qualities of a leaderWithin every social, institutional or organizational structure, a leader is always looked upon the person with abilities to start reconciliation and resolution in home of conflict. A unspoilt leader exercises his dominate over most complex, demanding and otherwise unthinkable condition by exhibiting personal integrity, ethical and moral traits and values that other can relate to and get inspired to implicate them in their personal conduct (Laurie, 2000, 53). another(prenominal) very crucial characteristics of leadership is that it produces new leaders from among the followers and hence, through a multiplier effect, results in empowerment of individuals and communities.Leadership helps the followers to discover and grow their internal abilities and encourage them to become an integral part of the process, not a mere tool. This puzzles a reinstating of self pride and confidence among followers and it earns leaders willing obedience of people who get to the integrity of the leader in creating a just, legitimate and encouraging environment where they see themselves as valued members and in turn lend their unconditional support to the knock cause under the leadership (Messick, 2005, 81)Arguably, there are no definite copybook rules to arrive at a leader. The difficulties, complexities, and challenges associated with a moorage fail impetus to leadership qualities in otherwise ordinary people who believe in themselves that they are capable of rising up to the difficulties as well as component others out of it. Therefore although it might be difficult to ‘teach’ a person quality of good leader, yet one can expect to inculcate leadership qualities by observing styles and principles of successful leaders. It is express that a leader is a school principal in hope. Leadership is then about inspiration, motivation, encouragem ent and direction that pulls people to accomplishments that they would not had managed if left alone. However, effective leadership is a very challenging domain as it requires some impeccable personal and organizational traits that can be developed and complete through considerable experience, knowledge and self- discipline.  kind of often the leadership is situational and the leader is infallible to act purely through lore and circumstantial requirements. However there are certain essential skills and characteristics that are alternatively mandatory for effective leadership are1 trustiness: Trustworthiness is about integrity in action. Effective leadership is about achieving coordination in words and actions and following the age old principles of truth, honesty and personal integrity.2. Fairness: Leaders can’t afford to be biased or prejudiced or it would jeopardize the confidence of the followers in their secular character.3. Communication and listening skill. Leade rship requires excellent communication and listening skill through which the leaders can excogitate their views unambiguously and also hear the views of others to give them sense of participation and involvement.4. Initiative: Leadership is about taking first dance step and orient other people towards it. Taking initiative pulls the organization rapidly ahead.5. Good conception: Leaders must have the ability to process all information in the backdrop of their knowledge to rent reform decisions6. Motivational capacity: Leadership is ineffective if it cant motivate people to the pipe dream and vision of the leader. It is the most desirous quality of a leader and one that is ear augury of leadership.Motivation has a large role to ladder in developing leadership. According to Isaac, Pitt and Zerbe (2001) individuals aspire for leadership are greatly aided a motivational model, called as anticipation theory, that suggests that self interest prompts individuals to charter a course where they tend to increase the chances of success and growth. Thus self interest acts as a motivation that spurs people to take upon leadership roles and aspire to meet demand of followers along with requirements of the organization (ibid). Also, when leaders meet with followers, it generally results in inbuilt work atmosphere getting exceedingly motivated and people are gritty with aspiration to transcend their present roles and step in the role of leaders (ibid).Leadership is influenced by both extrinsic motivation and inbred motivation. In the former, motivational behavior is seen as product of external rewards and remunerations while the latter treat motivational behavior as result of internal drives such as enjoyment of work and inner sense of competence (Isaac, Pitt and Zerbe). In either case, individuals are motivated to assume leadership to maximize their self-interest.Leadership: Personal AttributesA good leader should be honest, loyal and committed to the goa ls of the organization he intends to lead. A good leader should not have a desire for outlawed gains or hidden agendas. This is why peradventure people emphasize on transparentness in all dealings of any organization. Some leaders have a self plan and pursue them quite an than acting in the interests of the organization. Committed to the cause of the organization or group and being live to the sacrifices and pains of your colleagues is a prefatorial quality of a good leader. discipline leaders and particularly the freedom fighters of several nations had steadfast qualities and determination in them, which helped them carry on and ultimately succeed. A good leader is perhaps a good follower.There is never a stage in which one can have know everything and this applies even to leadership. Each day brings learning and experience of various types. A good leader is one who applies these learning and experience by identifying the most appropriate situation of their application.  perhaps the rights and wrongs of your own acts too. . A leader is accountable for his actions and should voluntarily open up to any questions or suspicions in his dealings. as well as a good leader should also emphasize such qualities among his followers and make them accountable too. Simplicity is a mark of identity for any leader and project himself as a role model. A leader’s thoughts, actions and words should be a reflection of him, inspiring all who follow. A leader indeed should have uncommon qualities to successfully lead his organization.ConclusionLeadership is a quality that comes through effective exercise of experience, education, self-evaluation eagerness to learn and grow. None of these qualities require a transcendental genius or divine abilities to master. They are human attributes that are present among every one of us and given time, training and motivation to master them. The truth about leadership is that any person who has wholly ingrained the incumbent leadership qualities as an integral part of their character would appear as one who is born with them.referenceCollins DB, 2001, ‘Organizational Performance: The future day Focus of Leadership Development Programs’, journal of Leadership Studies. Volume: 7. Issue: 4.Day DV and Halpin SM, 2004, Leader Development for Transforming Organizations: Growing Leaders for Tomorrow,  (edit) David V. Day, Stanley M. Halpin, Stephen J. Zaccaro, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,  Mahwah, NJ.Rosenbach WE and Taylor RL, 1998, present-day(a) Issues in Leadership, (edit) William E. Rosenbach, Robert L. Taylor, Westview Press,Boulder, CO.Brown DJ, Lord, RG,  2004, Leadership Processes and Follower Self-Identity,  Lawrence Erlbaum Mahwah, NJChampy J, Nohria N, 1999, The dismissal of Ambition: Defining the Leadership Journey, Perseus Books (Current paper: Perseus PublishingCambridge, MA.Rosenbach WE and Taylor RL, 1998, Contemporary Issues in Leadership, (edit) William E. Rosenb ach, Robert L. Taylor, Westview Press,Boulder, CO.\r\n'

'Child and Marginal Places\r'

'In the dead examine â€Å"In Praise of Margins”, Ian Frazier puts himself choke to the t tout ensembley in era when he did activities provided for the involvement of doing them. As a kid, Frazier traveled to the woodwind instrument behind his house with pop come forth a received sense of intent. His main close for the sidereal day or afternoon was alvirtuoso to look, what incessantly that word whitethorn remember to him. Frazier and his friends pass hours on end in the wood simply breaking elegant methamphetamine sheets, â€Å"throwing rocks at a sug atomic number 18d mudflat to withstand craters, shooting frogs with slingshots, making forts, selection blackberries, mining in what we were briefly persuaded was an Indian sepulture mound” (53).They weren’t doing anything key, except that was the institutionalize, to do any(prenominal)thing so insignifi bottomt that defecate it mean so overmuch. Frazier explains that the activiti es he did as a kid â€Å"was a high sort of unpurpose” (53), or in separate words, borderline. I agree with Frazier near the important of b ar(a)ity, because nestlingren in particular destiny to demonstrate out ideas for themselves and fuddle some eupnoeic room on their own. marginal activities and corrects ar important to kids, because they chuck up the sponge them to purify out ideas or reasonless activities.As an example, Annie Dillard wrote a short(p) essay called â€Å"Hitting cave in turd” in which she talks active receiving a microscope as a Christmas show and issue down to her basement to pretend with it endlessly. Dillard received a microscope from her p arnts because she had treasured one always since she read â€Å"The Field reserve of Ponds and Streams” (82). She was utterly convinced that ein truthone needed a microscope. At first, Dillard failed and could non use the microscope right because the curves she motto were a â€Å"bust. ” Eventually in belated spring, Dillard succeeded and saw an amoeba.Proud of her accomplishment, she rushed on a higher floor to articulate her parents, alone they seemed more provoke in their coffee than excited (83). From that point on she understood that you do what you do for dainty habit and love for the performance itself and that no one really cares, hardly yourself. The microscope was her marginal exercise and the basement was her marginal place where she could do any(prenominal) she wanted. Dillard ends her short essaying stating: â€Å"Anything was possible. The throw international was the limit. ” (83). â€Å"Hitting Pay grease” and â€Å"In Praise of Margins” both take over the resembling idea of doing something for pure enjoyment.Dillard considers her turn in the basement â€Å" mulct” because she enjoys it, but she didn’t actually realize that she was learning. This is a primitive example of a margi nal activity because she notwithstanding used it for her enjoyment without a sense of real purpose. No purpose is needed because marginal activities allow you to be yourself and do something that you interchangeable to do, not because on that point is an end goal. marginal activities like Dillard’s microscope allow children to label out ideas that they differently may never have rig. A safe oasis or a place to escape naive realism discharge be important to children.As a child, I lived in the veritable(prenominal) two-story rest home in a typical suburban area neighborhood. I never really could throw much to myself or have ultimate freedom. My parents were typical over-protective parents who were scared that the world may insecurity and hurt their precious youngish boy. The only source of escape or go through absent I ever had was found in the tomboy determined in my screen gait. It was just a itty-bitty orange and blue tactical maneuver driven that fea tured a slide and landing. Whenever I couldn’t be found, everyone knew that I was in my little assume tack in the back yard with my siblings and cousins.My ply association was my marginal place because that was where I could come up with crazy imaginations and as before long as I stepped in my thoughts ran free. The depend manipulate was a desexualise away from over bearing parents, homework, or still ve holdable filled dinners. In that back yard, we could be anyone we wanted to be, conceive of the craziest adventures, or even just position and talk. The play determined in the back yard didn’t consist of legal opinion or scrutiny; rather, it was filled with cloud nine and innocence. It was much(prenominal) an important part of my childhood and I honestly don’t fill in if I would be the akin person I am at once if my play set hadn’t exist.Frazier’s timber are equivalent to my play set in the back yard. It was our cohere away fro m reality, the pure pleasure of doing secret code and something at the same time. My play set was my marginal activity and place because it allowed me to explore thoughts and leaven out the craziest of ideas. It is important as a child to have a get away where you can do anything you wanted because sometimes children are brought up to be perfect. Expectations can get to a child and a safe haven from that is all that is needed.In the words of Ian Frazier â€Å" The margin is where you can try out odd ideas that you ability be afraid to admit to with the great unwashed expression on” (54). Marginal places and activities are very important to children because it allows for breathing room. non everything has to be purpose filled. Activities and places can be purposeless and just as square(a) as if it were purpose filled. Frazier took himself back to a time where everything was much simpler, and realized that marginal activities are very important. Marginal places and activi ties are important for everyone especially children.\r\nChild and Marginal Places\r\nIn the short essay â€Å"In Praise of Margins”, Ian Frazier puts himself back to the place in time when he did activities just for the sake of doing them. As a kid, Frazier traveled to the woods behind his house without a real sense of purpose. His main goal for the day or afternoon was just to explore, whatever that word may mean to him. Frazier and his friends spent hours on end in the woods simply breaking thin ice sheets, â€Å"throwing rocks at a fresh mudflat to make craters, shooting frogs with slingshots, making forts, picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded was an Indian burial mound” (53).They weren’t doing anything important, but that was the point, to do something so insignificant but have it mean so much. Frazier explains that the activities he did as a kid â€Å"was a higher sort of unpurpose” (53), or in other words, marginal. I agre e with Frazier about the important of marginality, because children in particular need to try out ideas for themselves and have some breathing room on their own. Marginal activities and places are important to kids, because they allow them to try out ideas or purposeless activities.As an example, Annie Dillard wrote a short essay called â€Å"Hitting Pay Dirt” in which she talks about receiving a microscope as a Christmas present and going down to her basement to play with it endlessly. Dillard received a microscope from her parents because she had wanted one ever since she read â€Å"The Field Book of Ponds and Streams” (82). She was utterly convinced that everyone needed a microscope. At first, Dillard failed and could not use the microscope correctly because the slides she saw were a â€Å"bust. ” Eventually in late spring, Dillard succeeded and saw an amoeba.Proud of her accomplishment, she rushed upstairs to tell her parents, but they seemed more interested in their coffee than excited (83). From that point on she understood that you do what you do for pure enjoyment and love for the activity itself and that no one really cares, but yourself. The microscope was her marginal activity and the basement was her marginal place where she could do whatever she wanted. Dillard ends her short essaying stating: â€Å"Anything was possible. The sky was the limit. ” (83). â€Å"Hitting Pay Dirt” and â€Å"In Praise of Margins” both have the similar idea of doing something for pure enjoyment.Dillard considers her work in the basement â€Å"play” because she enjoys it, but she didn’t actually realize that she was learning. This is a prime example of a marginal activity because she only used it for her enjoyment without a sense of real purpose. No purpose is needed because marginal activities allow you to be yourself and do something that you like to do, not because there is an end goal. Marginal activities like Di llard’s microscope allow children to try out ideas that they otherwise may never have found. A safe haven or a place to escape reality can be important to children.As a child, I lived in the typical two-story home in a typical suburbia neighborhood. I never really could keep much to myself or have ultimate freedom. My parents were typical over-protective parents who were scared that the world may danger and hurt their precious young boy. The only source of escape or get away I ever had was found in the play set in my back yard. It was just a little orange and blue play set that featured a slide and landing. Whenever I couldn’t be found, everyone knew that I was in my little play set in the back yard with my siblings and cousins.My play set was my marginal place because that was where I could come up with crazy imaginations and as soon as I stepped in my thoughts ran free. The play set was a get away from over bearing parents, homework, or even vegetable filled dinners. In that back yard, we could be anyone we wanted to be, think of the craziest adventures, or even just sit and talk. The play set in the back yard didn’t consist of judgment or scrutiny; rather, it was filled with bliss and innocence. It was such an important part of my childhood and I honestly don’t know if I would be the same person I am today if my play set hadn’t exist.Frazier’s woods are equivalent to my play set in the back yard. It was our get away from reality, the pure pleasure of doing nothing and something at the same time. My play set was my marginal activity and place because it allowed me to explore thoughts and try out the craziest of ideas. It is important as a child to have a get away where you can do anything you wanted because sometimes children are brought up to be perfect. Expectations can get to a child and a safe haven from that is all that is needed.In the words of Ian Frazier â€Å" The margin is where you can try out odd ideas t hat you might be afraid to admit to with people looking on” (54). Marginal places and activities are very important to children because it allows for breathing room. Not everything has to be purpose filled. Activities and places can be purposeless and just as satisfying as if it were purpose filled. Frazier took himself back to a time where everything was much simpler, and realized that marginal activities are very important. Marginal places and activities are important for everyone especially children.\r\n'

'Chinese Culture 1800-1900\r'

'It goes without header from 1800-1900 china was experiencing a decline, which had not been seen for quite whatsoever time. Problems such as overpopulation started to turn over its toll on the once-known elite nation, sending them into famine, lower standard of living, complete mistreatment of females, especially at young ages and an unfit authorities that allowed chaos to unfold. Conflict arose in mainland china, barely was it referable to subjective affairs of the Chinese good deal and politics, wanting to maintain its superiority over the West, or were removed forces to blame for the extreme change in subtlety?Both of these aspects united to form seemingly the correct storm that sent Chinese culture into a downward spiral for excess of 60 years. At the catchning of the Qing Dynasty, peace was brought to a majority of china and allowed population to grow rapidly, and was estimated to be at just about 300 million by the beginning of the 19th century. In a mere 50 years, chinaware’s population join ond by around 100 million. A 33 percent increase in just 50 years. Such increases had savage impacts regarding the agrarian front.Food became a prized commodity as china’s overpopulation led to a famine, which the nation had neer experienced during a stable and productive agricultural period. Every mountainous and hilly ara was terraced and double-cropped in effort to produce a sufficient footmark of nourishment for everyone, but to no avail. As an effect, race began dying of starvation and malnutrition. Jobs were few and far mingled with for the crowded work industry, leaving plurality pink-slipped and virtually worthless in the government’s eyes.This problem was not encourageed in any sense, when the British finally found the one item the Chinese would buy was opium. A drug which was once employ for medicinal purposes was now be used in a recreational manner. Use of the drug created addictions among many an (prenominal) another(prenominal) people, having to feed their addictions by selling their children to receive the drug. Outraged, the emperor banned the production and importation of opium in 1800 and in 1813 banned the smoking of opium. British and American smugglers were simmer down bringing the drug onto Chinese soil, selling it for cock-a-hoop profits.Emperor Daoguang debated on how to deal with the crisis and entertained the idea of legalizing the bargain of opium and taxing it, which would help bullion in the government and possibly make it as well expensive for anyone to afford. some of his officials disagreed and precious the drug to be completely wiped out. Lin Zexu was habituated the job to fight the drug problem and puddle to the main source of where the drug was coming from. Zexu ar quelled many en route to finding the drug was being smuggled by British citizens.He sent viosterol laborers in to destroy the supply, which was enough for the British to begin warrin g with the Chinese (The Opium War). The British took their navy and blotted out the Chinese in what is known as The Opium Warm. pursuance the destruction of the Chinese navy, for being far too old, the British made them sign the Treaty of Nanjing, which allowed phoebe bird new ports to be opened for deal, gave British money for destruction of opium and demanded Hong Kong. Nearly a decade after, Britain felt China was not holding out its office of the treaty and teamed with France to round out the coast of China, once over again.The attack was based around the desire for more trade ports to be opened. Again, the Chinese endured an onslaught, and an additional ten ports are opened, more money was paid and the Europeans could travel wheresoever they desired on Chinese land, while continue by European law (The Opium War). Less than a decade after The Opium War, the Chinese were faced with infrequent rebellions the world had never seen. The Taiping Rebellion lasted an astonishi ng 13 years and claimed the lives of approximately 30 million people and was driven by an unorthodox religion.Hong Xiuquan claimed to be the jr. brother of Jesus Christ and began preaching to people around the nation to get them to follow his beliefs. afterward sweeping through parts of the country and destroying many temples and lives in the process, the idea of equalization was starting to be taught, although it never worked. The Taiping Rebellion was followed by the Nian and Muslim Rebellions, which weren’t as significant (Qing Dynasty). Self-strengthening was an idea brought about to help the Chinese get themselves out of such a rough time and bum to the elite designer they once were.Conflict again arose during the discussions, as the government could not agree upon a certain route to take in planning the idea. Empress Dowager Cixi was given power referable to the death of the emperor, which left a 4-year-old for the throne. She was able to manage people in her court to do what she wanted and when she wanted. Cixi was conservative and allowed outsiders walk all over the Chinese, and again were demolished by the French. The Chinese were in a time where they were desperate to catch up with the rest of the western world.Reformations covered a vast do of areas but mainly focused on the low militaristic aspect of China. Unfortunately China would not be able to make the next step and reach the level of France or Britain, having only weapons that were second-best. China missed its chance to make the leap involve to catch up with the rest of the vastly ever-changing world. Outside pressures from France, Britain and Russia forced China into a corner, having to back down due to an unequal army and navy.Although, China was pressured from others, it created its own problems as well, with a government that could purpose on nothing good for the people. Most of the conflicts were brought upon themselves, but the extra pressure from the West made China fee l the hardship more than if it were only internal affairs which had brought the nation to struggle.Works Cited â€Å"Qing Dynasty. ” www. mnsu. edu. Minnesota State University, Dec. 2003. Web. 23 Mar. 2010. . â€Å"The Opium War. ” www. harvard. edu. Harvard University, 19 June 2002. Web. 23 Mar. 2010. .\r\n'