Auditors independence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Auditors independence - Essay ExampleAuditor independence is a term which sincerely umbrellas some different matters, and which thus must be understood fully and thoroughly in order to be understood properly altogether. Basically, in order to understand the meaning of auditor independence you must showtime understand the fact that basically the captain independence of auditors has truly been held responsible for that of the many corporate collapses and pecuniary debacles that have taken place worldwide, and that this explains the essentiality of understanding the importance of the independence factor in the auditing sector. independence is gen date of referencelly understood to refer to a mental state of objectivity and lack of bias. They are in all opposed against the new ruling and voiced many of the same cares that were seen from other CPAs. He expressed concern that the regulation of the new rule cannot be sufficient by itself. Its also necessary that public investors-the users of financial reports-perceive that the numbers are right. These are basically and for some places entirely restricted because they give the appearance that when auditors append these services to audit clients they are acting as an advocate for the audit client. Brown goes on hence to even further illustrate this point by showing that in Canada we are looking at the SECs proposal closely and extensively and will formulate our regulatory response partly on your experience. It is truly and absolutely a key factor that the audit committee identifies independence violations, because they are on the motion line and are closest to the action. The creation of these principles was due to increasing concern that auditors were not remaining entirely independent when performing the audit. Other times the consulting professionals will have little or no interaction with auditors especially in large firms. If firms miss their earnings expectations even by a slim rim the result is an i mmediate decrease in stock prices. Furthermore, the last non-audit service that is restricted to audit clients is in effect(p) services. The initial concept of auditor independence, which arose during the 19th century, was based on the premise, primarily British in origin, that a principal duty of professional accountants and auditors was the oversight of absentee investments in the existing and former colonies of the British Empire. During this period, a comparatively small number of accounting firms could perform audits for a relatively large number of entities. Professional accountants and auditors could founder reports on the financial performance of different entities and could work for different investor groups.The concept of auditor independence during this era did not conceive of auditors as advocates for audited entities British investors explicitly forbade auditors from investing or working in the businesses that they audited. At the same time, as long as auditors mainta ined their primary loyalty to the investors back home, the scope of professional a

How Apple Company developed Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

How Apple Company developed - Research Paper ExampleThe crossway range offered by the company includes mobile phones, computer operating systems and other consumer electronics. Delivering effective products as sanitary as user friendly technology services to the customers in the worldwide market, the company has given regretful competition to its rivals operating in identical line of reasoning conditions. Owing to this aspect the performance of the company has seen a continuous hike which further rewarded a lead position to the company in the global business world. However, like every company, there were certain negative aspects associated with the company which ultimately hampered its brand image to a considerable margin on the basis of sustainability (Mrak-Blumberg, Renery and Bundgaard, Strategic Report for Apple Computer Inc). From an overall perspective, it preempt be stated that the development of the company, from its inception stage to the modern day, has been a vital t opic of debate.The speedy development of Apple Inc has been quite a significant topic of study in the recent quantify owing to its aggressively competitive approach to sustenance. The rapid growth of Apple, over the years, can also be affirmed as a result of its commitment towards delivering quality products and services, keeping pace with the continually ever-changing preferences of its customers. This thesis would therefore aim at addressing the development of Apple, since its inception to the present day.As can be observed from the above conducted theoretical analysis of Apples performance, although the company has been able to secure its leadership position going through various ups and downs, the future probable rise in competition is believably to raise certain barriers to the trend in case of Apple. This further indicates the requirement to conduct a relentless research to understand the rudimental driving forces which have contributed to the performance

Interview Summary with Xiaochu of BenMo PR Essay

oppugn Summary with Xiaochu of BenMo PR - Essay ExampleShe denied the college life keeping her eye on the future inevitably which demanded her to get her life started and going as soon as possible. Her finance needs guide her to the modeling area and bartending but soon her creativity persuaded her on starting her own blogs on the meshing and she captured the attention of huge followings quickly. Xiaoxhu maintained her double identity i.e. her real-life identity and her virtual identity in all in all this time period. However, she was quite successful in maintaining her reputation under both identities. In the virtual world, she was named as the best blogger in four of the prevailing web networks, Sina, Sohu, Xici, and Tianya. She was voted as the Beauty Blogger in both Tianya and Sohu and was elective to be the basketball babe for the 2008 Beijing Olympics website. On the other hand, her real life activities involved her suffice as an editor for a local Shanghai magazine and she was also on the organizing committee for the 57th ground Beauty Pagent. This illuminates her ambition of not accepting the life and circumstances as they are but to dampen her career and achieve her ultimate aim of being a successful person.The goal of such tireless and ambitious people is sometimes to achieve comforts of life, wealth or some other broad of financial benefit. However, Xiaoxhu never saw money as the main goal. She further illuminates this idea by maintain that even at the beginning money was just something to put food in my mouth and a roof over my head. This clearly shows that her aims were not limited to grabbing money and leaving this world without being seen or noticed by others. Her aim was to capture the general public and make her name known to them in good words. Her success was accompanied by the achievement of her goals in her own distinct way of attracting public, specifically general public. In support of her

E-government Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-government Model - leaven ExampleThese studies indicate a definite trend whereby the researchers have use various means of analyzing and assessing user behavior to arrive at a logical conclusion regarding the factors influencing them to adopt e-government services offered by the government. For instance, Reddick (2005) has utilized a systematic approach to study the citizen behavior by observing their interaction with the government. Such manifestation acts an effective tool in analyzing citizen behavior and attitude and affords the researchers in estimating and understanding the concerns and grievances of the citizens and overcome them to achieve coveted results. The successful adoption and implementation of any e-government model depends on the attitudes of the users, which in turn is influenced by a combination of factors such as perceived usefulness of the e-government model as well as socio-cultural influences (Chen and Thurmaier, 2005 Kumar et al., 2007 Al-Shehry et al., 2006). concord to Venkatesh et al., (2003) the term social influence refers to the degree to which peers influence the use of the system. It could be either electropositive or negative and is the key factor that motivates / de-motivates individuals to adapt to a given situation. Various studies have indicated that the corporal culture of a country provides an informative insight into the manner in which people behave and their probable reaction towards a new situation (Carter and Weerakkody, 2008 Dimitrova and Chen, 2006).

Motivation and Reward Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Motivation and Reward - Case Study ExampleOne of the major problems set about enterprises is how to get optimum results from the massive investments in these enterprises and the foremost problem among these is the problem of motivating human resources, problems of under-Utilization of abilities, frustration, instigated behavior, adverse job attitudes and low morale appear to prevail as much among managers and supervisors as among histrions.Motivation has been delineate as the force that gives rise to a behavior. There are various factors that influence the behavior and among them the ask of the individual are most important (Douglas, 1997. p.52).The main object of HRD philosophy is respect for the dignity of the worker as a human being and motivates his enormous potential for contribution and growth. HRD efforts have therefore to induce the confidence of the worker that he is seen as a member who is important to the organization. Proper communication plays a pivotal role to ach ieve results in this priority area. (Bhatia, 1999, p.52)Normally, a worker feels a sense of belong when the organization shares with him various company teaching. Shop communication forums at the work place enable information sharing with the grass-roots levels of the workforce. The forum holds communication sessions in the shop on various aspects of the plant with information focus on production targets and performance of the shop, cost control, energy conservation and techno-economic factors, safety, housekeeping and various other thrust areas. Since the employees themselves glide by the information to their co-workers, a unified team throbbing with commitment and zeal to deliver results trades shape at the work place. (Bhatia, 1999, p.54)Constraints are, however, faced in the vastness of the workforce. Due to vastness of the workforce, there may be some constraints, while implementing the programme. However, there is wide scope for increasing the ambit of the communication eff orts and information sharing has to generate an inbuilt managerial function in the shop floor.(b) Workers Luncheon Sessions and the Performance Improvement Plan Normally, in these sessions, the workers are invited to a discussion with the senior line managers of the shop on the targets and performance shot-falls/ assignments and encouraged to mention improvements and highlight attention areas. (Bhatia, 1999, p.55) These discussions explore the latent potential of the silent workers in the shop and provide a forum for their self-expression and contribution to the process of collective decision-making. 2. Employee FacilitiesHRD

Company SWOT Analysis and IT solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Company SWOT analytic thinking and IT solution - Essay ExampleBritish Petroleum has been one of the frontline oil companies in the world with branches in some strategic countries, which include the United States, Nigeria, United Kingdom, and so on. Mostly, the products of BP include petrol, natural gas and some other oil derivatives. Recently, the company is spearheading what is referred to as Energy Mix, which attempts to find out the possibility of generating electricity through wind, bio discharge and solar. Politically, BP cuts across many political terrains and the company is bent on capturing more oil market in this 21st century (British Petroleum, 2010).BP has some weaknesses, which would be analyzed using Porters 5 Forces flummox and SWOT Analysis. Some solution would be suggested about how to address the weaknesses so that they would not continue to break the companys success.Porters Five Forces Model analyzes a company based on the following criteria (i) Bargaining pow er of customers (ii) Threat of in the buff entrants (iii) Threat of substitute products (iv) Bargaining power of suppliers (v) hawkish rivalry within an industry (Porter, 1997). These 5 forces are analyzed below in the way that they shine the operations of BP as a giant oil company.(i) Bargaining power of customers customers do not of necessity possess bargaining power as far as BP products are concerned. This gives the company the opportunity to location the prices of its products (Bamberg, 2000).(ii) Threats of new entrants Like every other company, BP has come under serious threats from big oil companies uniform Chevron, Exxon Mobil, Shell that compete with BP on all fronts. These threats have even become pronounced as new oil companies mount serious pressure on BPs areas of operations (Bamberg, 2000).(iii) Threats of substitute products The main work of BP is in the production of energy however, the

Individual Reflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Individual brooding Report - Essay ExampleThe company will also create an online meeting place for the players to play against all(prenominal) other or just participate in different tournaments depending on their rank. A dependable Play policy will be enacted and implemented in order to ensure all customers argon satisfied with the gaming experience and receive the bet ons in a fair manner (Minniti, 2007). Some of the benefits of the farinaceous prepaid humour include the convenience for the Chinese customers who do not have bank accounts or credit cards such as VISA. The card will also allow the redeem gifts such as energy packs, air travel tickets and household equipments thus enhancing the customer experience. The game prepaid card will ensure customer privacy and reduce the chances of online fraud since customers will not necessarily study a credit card in order to subscribe to the games (Minniti, 2007). The players will have the opportunity to claim their own gaming mo de. For instance, there will be an option of tutorials, custom games, be games and normal games. The ranking will be done according to individual players performance whereby highly ranked players will have an opportunity to play for a $ 1,000,000 global final. Idea generation Business mentation generation entails the butt against of generation, developing and communicating unsanded business viewsThe business idea generation process was the most challenging for the team. However, we maintained a clear focus and creativity through reviewing different ideas. Accordingly, our idea generation approach followed a entrepreneurial approach since we were interested in coming up with new and sophisticated ideas that could meet the needs of Chinese game players with no access to domestic online gaming products. As a group, each individual was tasked with doing a market research on the gaps in consumer needs in the online gaming industry (Minniti, 2007). We held several brainstorming sessio ns whereby each member was supposed to provide numerous suggestions on business opportunities that could be viable within our budget. For instance, several methods recommended establishment of online ticketing business while other favourite(a) the establishment of food chain restaurants. However, our criteria in reviewing the several ideas was aimed at ensuring the viability of the business, minimal capital infrastructure and innovative idea that is exciting to the customers in order to ensure quick market penetration. The team considered the several strengths and weaknesses of each business idea including the consumer market trends and demand. The idea generation process also considered the competitors products and human capital requirements for the candidateive business. The second phase of idea generation was screening the benefits that the targeted market would receive from the business and the growth prospect of the business idea. Other issues that were considered include the technology requirements and legal framework surrounding the business idea (Minniti, 2007). The attached step involved product development and testing in the market. This involves understanding the consumer purchasing behaviour for the game prepaid card and costs of marketing the prepaid game card. In this stage, we outlined several sensed benefits that could be used in the

Polarize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Polarize - Essay representativeSince the waves are travelling in all sorts of planes, the light from the sun is then definitely not polarized. likewise the sky appears blue because of the scattering of different wavelengths of lights in all directions however blue light is the peerless that is most highly scattered. This light is also not polarized. The third scenario of blue light being reflected from a surface is a bit complicated. Whether the reflected light is polarized or not depends on the angle of relative incidence. If the angle of incidence is the Brewster angle, then the reflected light would be polarized otherwise it would be partially polarized.Polarized glasses have a big variety of uses. They are sometimes used in combination with sunglasses in order to condense glare. They are also used by people who travel on water or by fishermen in order to polarize the light that is reflected from the surface of the water to allow a better go through of inside the water. Rec ently Polarized glasses have also found their use in the 3d glasses where they are used by the viewers to watch 3d

Fullers Principle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fullers Principle - Essay ExampleTherefore, if both(prenominal)(prenominal)one sees some people doing this action at law, he/she should report the activity to the officials whatever the relationship he/she has with the people involved in the dirty activity.According to law, a police officer has the professional obligation to respond to the illegal activities straight off by taking appropriate action against the lawbreakers. If I would be the police officer, I would use both professional discretion and the law to handle the issue. First, I would call my friend to make him aware of the activities of his/her friends. I would give a chance to my friend to make his/her friends stop the activity immediately. However, in case of introduction of delaying tactics by my friend, I would call my law enforcement agency to take appropriate action. To me, professional and clean-living obligations come first. Therefore, I would not put my professional and moral obligations aside to allow an i llegal activity even at my friends place.I do not think thither is all moral problem related to this scenario. Anyone can present anything to the other person as a reward. fully grown a free shopping card and a fruit basket to an officer as a reward for his/her services is not against any law.The only problem associated with the scenario is that if a police officer accepts a gift from a shopkeeper, it builds respect in the mind of the police officer regarding that shopkeeper. Although the element of respect amid two people has no issues, but it can lead to discrimination if any of those persons has some take in of authority. In the given scenario, after accepting the gift from the shopkeeper, the police officer may provide illegal support to that shopkeeper if, in future, a dispute occurs between that shopkeeper and some other person. law of nature officers take oath to perform their duties honestly (Pomper, 2012). Other than this concern, I do not think there is any

Googles Human Resource Activities And Its Business Objectives Research Paper

Googles man Resource Activities And Its Business Objectives - Research Paper ExampleGoogle has abandoned the old practice of simple delegation instead, it has adopted a vigorous practice of training and developing strategically important skills of its middle-level executives. Thus, the study has established a substantially positive and dynamic correlation between the former and the latter.In the modern service industry, the role of human resource management (HRM) has been found to be invaluable in meeting the organizational objectives. By taking Google as a case study, it is intercommunicate that the needs of the service industry depicting the modern information age industry will be captured in terms of objectives within the context of HRM. In the creation of the appropriate relationship between the organizational objectives at Google and the role of the HRM function, this study makes the inference that the ball-shaped status that Google occupies will give the best register of a successful link (Verma, 2006). Therefore, the choice of Google Company for this research study was inspired by its global success in different spheres of operations as its growth trajectory illustrates. Googles Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) is said to have been formulated from a desire of the top management to weapons its resource allocation policies so that positive functional synergies could be achieved. Google Company has been in existence since 1996 circa and the founders - Larry foliate and Sergey Brin have been in charge of its most critical technical operations. After 15 years of operations, the connection has evolved into a gigantic multinational company (MNC) with its stakeholders spread throughout the globe. Its HRM function is influenced by the companys global operations inspired by its rare market brand positioning unmatched by several of its rivals.

Movies Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movies - Movie Review ExampleThe film mainly concentrated on the lives of the run-of-the-mine people, like Ricci and his family, and how they struggle daily to make ends meet. It also shows the desperation of such poor people and their ruling in traditions such as seers for consolation. In the end, morally upright people like Ricci indulge in unlawful acts such as theft because they are driven by circumstances like want and failed police systems. Citizen Kane is a film that exceptionally uses a variety of television camera features and effects to produce grapheme work. An example of camera technique used is the low camera angle at different scenes (Mamer 167). The send of this was to elaborate the tension amid characters in the film, which in turn displayed dominance or threatening peevishness in the film. This technique has been used in the floor scene where there was a confrontation between Kane and Jed. It has also been used at the scene where Kane died. The film is also c omposed of non linear story grave feature. This is because it is full of flashbacks and flash forwards when Kane dies, which attempt to explain it. Another feature is the use of varying points of view. This is illustrated when the beside friends of Kane try to explain what he could have meant when he said Rosebuds. These two techniques assist in placing the hearing in the shoes of the reporter. Citizen Kane also utilizes the combined effect of framing, deep focus and blocking (Mamer 168). These features are responsible for displaying the progress of Kane in different stages of life and the importance of such progress. The camera is placed at the window when Kane, as a boy, plays in the snow. Though he is far away, he is still focused at bottom the frame of the window. Blocking enables the audience to see Kanes mother and Mr. Thatcher on the right, Kane at the center opus his father is at the left. Birth of a Nation is another film that has utilized a soma of stylistic featur es. The film uses inter titles that enable the audience to understand what is difficult to infer. A variety of camera movement is used, ranging from cut-ins to fade-ins, and long shots to close ups (Mamer 168). This technique distinguishes the chase scenes and help in development of suspense in the film. It is true that some films have a lasting appeal compared to others. One of the possible explanations to this could be the relevance of the film to the audience. The audience tends to be attracted to films that are relevant to the contemporary society, and that relates to their life. For example, The Bicycle Thief will not lose its appeal to the working class, and poor audience since most of the film occurrences are similar to theirs. If a film lacks multiple demographic appeals, it is likely to lose appeal faster compared to the ones with multiple demographic appeals. These stop that a variety of features are all incorporated in the film to accommodate a larger audience. An exam ple is the combination of fan service, epic fantasy and/or with science fiction. I like McDonaghs films, that is, Seven Psychopaths and In Bruges. This is because McDonagh is a professional director who displays great writing skills. In addition, his films depict the circumstance that he is well versed with aspect selection for his films. In Bruges, for example, is set in Belgium, which provides a setting that is well suited for the many layers of the story. His other film,

Yes or no, did Roman architecture show any artistic advance over Greek Essay

Yes or no, did Roman architecture show any artistic proceed over Greek architecture If so, how if not, why not - Essay ExampleNonetheless, many of the phaseings were turned into places of religion during the Christian era. This paper highlights how Roman architecture shows artistic advances over Greek architecture.Roman culture and architecture, in specific, is established on that of the Greeks. In the republican period, Roman architecture merged Greek components and developed structures kindred the curved arch and the round temple. The principle Roman advancement in architecture was the establishment of advanced(a) arched construction. This is where a ceiling is held by arches. During the Greek era, arched building was uncommon and straightforward. The common elan of construction was referred to as post-and-beam (Kleiner 14). This was made up of vertical posts that held horizontal beams.The Romans also made advances in the building materials. Early Greeks used stone, mud, pl aster, and wood in their buildings. In their natural form, these structures could not exist for long. Nonetheless, the Greeks built their temple with limestone or marble. Moreover, early Romans also used similar materials, especially limestone and marble. The Romans advanced building materials by utilizing concrete in many of their structures. Concrete is a combination of lime mortar, sand, and water. It is stout but light, permitting the Roman architects to build free-flowing and larger buildings. In addition, temples are the only form of Greek architecture that are still in existence (Ching, Jarzombek and Prakash 59). These structures were discernible on the inside and ornate on the outside. Conversely, Roman structures still exist. This is because of their progress in building technology. Unlike Greek structures, Roman buildings were ornate both on the inside and outside, showing the proneness for pleasure.Also, Romans improved the construction details. Greek buildings are usual ly of post and lintel and rectilinear construction. The

Could the south have won the civil war If so how, if not then why not Essay

Could the south founder won the civil war If so how, if not then why not - Essay ExampleThe trades union had a largely urbanised background with flourishing industrial capabilities. Rapid technological developments were shaping how things had been d unmatchable for centuries. The railroad was expanding westwards and liberty was in the air. Large manufacturing concerns were existence established. Management was evolving to promote efficiency and innovation. Furthermore, a class of individuals was emerging that were to become the modern American ticker class. These groups were ardent political financingers of anti sla genuinely drives though their numbers were as yet not very significant. On the some other hand, the south was predominantly agricultural. Farm labour consisted of slaves whose ancestors had been imported from Africa. Conservatism was rampant and sporty supremacy was considered as an ultimate truth. Capital was abundant too as the large farmers had no one to share p rofits with. Cotton was the mainstay of the southern economy. It was exported to cotton plant mills in Europe and in the north. Military tradition was more rampant in the south than in the north. Boys were taught how to ride and shoot at an early age given the agrarian societys feuds. The war began as the south self-collected its army and invaded Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Then President Abraham Lincoln urged Union states to assemble a volunteer army to deal with the situation. This caused another four states to drift over into the southern camp. The souths position was strengthened at this point in the war. If the south had wanted to make major strides in the war, it ought to have been better planned and organised than it was. The try of the Confederate army on Fort Sumter caught the north off guard. The south could have compassd major victories if it invaded with a larger army that engaged more targets simultaneously. This would have helped the south in causing panic and confusion in the ranks of the north. The overwhelming display of power may even have led to more accessions by Union states. Furthermore, the organised all out attack would have sent the Union running and figuring out what to do next. However, what happened on ground was in all different. The Confederacys attack on Fort Sumter served as a rallying point for the northern states. It alerted them to the danger posed by the South. The Union was both proactive and swift in its reaction. An army of volunteers was assembled on ground while a naval jam was imposed. The Unions land armies could not achieve victories in the beginning. The level of organisation and the equipment used were not up to the mark. However, the naval blockade served as a double edged sword. On the one hand, the export of cotton virtually ended and on the other hand imports could not be brought in to reinforce the Confederate armys stock. As mentioned earlier, cotton was the mainstay of the southern economy. Loss o f cotton exports meant that revenue generation suffered gravely in the south. The naval blockade also had another profound effect. Foreign intervention was discouraged from taking any real instigate given the naval blockade. Foreign intervention could only be possible if the naval blockade was take and foreign troops and supplies could flow into the south. No external power was ready or willing to support the Souths cause by direct military involvement. Another notable issue is the expressive style in which this war was conducted on either side. Initially the south was very aggressive. It

Can animal experimentation be justified Research Paper

Can sensual experimentation be saveified - Research Paper lawsuitIt can be apply as well to promote interests and welf are of animals such as breakthroughs in veterinary practice. The experiment done on dogs led to the treatment of most canine diseases such as diabetes and heart irregularities (Paul, 6). The pros also argued that it is immoral to risk the life of humans for medical breakthrough when animals can be used instead. Let us take the example of Pondimin and Redux diet drugs. If the federal law would not require testing on animals before distribution on humans, disasters such as increase relative incidence of heart-valve defects might be experienced by millions of humans (Paul, 5). On the other hand, cons strongly believe that just like humans, animals have the right to be treated as creations and be protected against experimentation as in the experimentation infecting monkeys with AIDS. Animals should never be harmed just for potential gain in humanity. Unlike human, animals arent able to give their consent so it is not acceptable to test medicines on them even if it ordain be used for other animals including the case of cows and sheep being infected with tuberculosis just to pay off the pathogenesis of the disease (Paul, 4). The cons believe that what is more immoral is to experiment animals and later on, found out that it is not a reliable guide to human reactions. Humans treated animals as a disposable and worthless biological object. The most popular examples are the experiments done on mice and rodents and later on rejected for they are not equally reliable to the human physiology. Definition of Animal Experimentation Animal experimentation is defined as the use of live animals in research in the biological, psychological, and medical technological sciences, the state in which animals are used in the production of biological extracts and the testing of consumer products, drugs and food through partial or pick out dissection of live anima ls for research purposes (Monamy, 6). Practices Involved in Animal Experimentation There are practices that are being used in animal experimentation going back 2,000 years ago. In Egypt, animals were used to battleground body functions. Aristotle learned the structure and development of animals by dissection. Galen, a Romanian, used certain animals to prove that veins do not carry air but blood. William Harvey used animals in 1622 to describe the blood circulation in 1622. It was in 1846 when animals were used to determine the effects of anesthesia and in 1878 to show the relationship between bacteria and disease. During the twentieth century, advances made in medicine, cure of infectious diseases and immunization, and surgical procedures became possible because of animal experimentation. In the practice of animal experimentation, several animals need to be sacrificed in achieving scientific goal. To reduce the rate of acute anterior poliomyelitis, hundreds of primates were sacrifi ced to develop polio vaccine. Monkeys were used to test HIV vaccines. Recently, a research in the University of Massachusetts have taken unseasoned cells from spinal cord of adult rats and made them grow and implanted in paralyzed rats. Soon, these rats were able to move, substantiate and walk. This practice of tissue engineering in animal experimentation has given hope to several masses who suffer from spinal cord injury (MacKinnon, 208). Other practices involve in animal experimentation used transgenic animals as drug- producing machines. This

Project Managment Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Managment Leadership - Essay ExampleDiscuss how you would manage this parturiency using a matrix OBS approach. 6 Reference 8 1. Discuss how your company manages projects which span both or three department? Project management is the act upon to facilitate planning, scheduling and controlling of the opposite activities in an organization. Operating projects in a multi project platform is setting up projects at the alike time at divergent departments in an organization. The team in different departments may share members and organizational support systems and clients and also may use same resources to some extent but the realizeing styles of the different departments are completely different in most cases. Project management includes project portfolio management in which the different processes are selected according to their need, organization performance and the objectives with the controlling groups are selected. This includes a planning and budgeting process by con sulting with the team members of the different departments for an effective utilization of the resources by the management. Co-ordination with the different departments with effective communication gage address the risk issues from different departments and help the management to cope with the unexpected occurrences during the execution of the project. Resource allocation is another great issue of the management to look after while departing with multiple departments. The quislingism between the different team members of the separate department are need to be understood by the management otherwise it may lead to conflict in the work place. The project team should be build by the company keeping in mind the goals of the project and dividing the roles of the different departments with the individual roles of the tea members can ease the processes and its execution. Working together can build a better relationship amongst the employees and collaborative problem solving can help th e departments identify and cope with diverse problems faced at work environment. Administering the daily activities of the departments and managing the performance of the organizational departments will optimize the different processes and help the company to effectively push-down store with issues arising from different departments (Portny, 2006, p. 287). 2. Discuss how your company manages the dickens boss situation when a staff member is coverage to both the project manager and the functional manager. Reporting to different bosses can be a intriguing situation in management issues. But with proper communication skill and expertise in the crinkle this situation can be handled very effectively by the managers. With consistent work and documentation of the work schedule this situation can be handled and the staff member will be able to affect two bosses of both project management and functional department. Few points are needed to be hold by the staff to manage two bosses at the same time. First step is to know the two managers and their relationship amongst them. Knowing the style of working of the two different managers will help the staff to expire effectively with them in their way of working. If the managers need to be reported every day or periodical or after project completion the staff should work accordingly. The communication process is also needed to be understood by the staff. Knowing whether there is any communication between the two bosses is an important task. Otherwise staff needs to

Outline for arts speech - story of Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Outline for humanistic discipline speech story of small town EssayIB TOK R31. Story of junctureA. village son of late nance Claudius, mother remarried little than 2 months after her husbands oddment.B. Ghost of late queen visits small town and tells him that the new king murdered him.C. Hamlet lashes verboten at everyone around him, including his love Ophelia.D. Hamlet plots to kill kingE. Hamlet stages a play called The Mousetrap, in which a king is murdered by his brother, who thus takes up with his wife, Claudius freaked protrude and Hamlet Claudius is guilty. F. Hamlet visited his mother and derides her for taking up such man.G. Polonius, Ophelias father, hid himself in Gertrudes, Hamlets mother, room behind a curtain. When he calls bulge out for help, Hamlet kills him thinking that it is the king.See much(prenominal) outline format for essayH. Because of the murder, Hamlet is sent to England and when he returns to Elsinore, he sees a funeral-taking place, he f inds that Ophelia has drowned. Her brother Laertes, blaming Hamlet for the death his father and sister, challenges Hamlet to a duel.I. At the duel, Laertes poisons his blade to make sure Hamlet will die. At the same time, Claudius inserts a poison pearl into a wine cup in hope that Hamlet will toast it.J. Every important character dies Gertrude gets to the cup first, and dies. Laertes wounds Hamlet with the poison blade, Hamlet mortally wounds Laertes. Hamlet then finds out that Claudius put poison in the cup and he goes after the king and kills him. Then Hamlet lies down and dies.K. This play is often referred to as the one in which everybody dies.2. Differences between the twoA. Mel Gibson version enjoin by Franco Zeffirelli1. Starts differently2. Only 135 min. come forth out large sections.3. High number of extra- mightiness actually seems to baffle power4. Color -can relate5. Play-in-play with spoken words- much more importance- used by hamlet as proof.6. Seemed to be made to retell an old story7. Switched around to make it more entertaining8. Said by a critic to be written for the massesa. shortb. contend out dialogue- easier for common people to understandc. fun to watchB. Olivier as hamlet directed by himself1. Starts as the play does2. Less extras- King seems to rule no one3. 155 min -missing huge sections4. Play-in-play in mime less importance done to jab at the king and queen for what they have done5. New interpretation of an old story6. Black and White cannot relate to lack of wring as well7. Friends of Hamlet left outa. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern not inb. Allows Hamlet to be less insane8. Better sword play- build more suspense as to who will win9. filming changes feeling Darkera. castle is dark and so is the sky, see more of the dark skyb. Humor is cut out3. Differences in HamletA. Soliloquies in Olivier to self allows him to get closer to subjects, inner turmoil, in Zeffirelli it is out loud, insanity1. Kill Claudius when praying2. To b e or not to beB. In Zeffirelli- acts much more insane- loco eyed, over the top.C. In Olivier- much more reserved, caustic when speaking.4. Other differences in charactersA. Queen Gertrude1. In Oliviera. actress is 29 years old Olivier is 41- looks strangeb. drinks the poison knowing that she will die- to save Hamlet, a noble death2. In Zeffirellia. Devastating and tragic death- didnt knew that the cup was poisoned, more of an impact on viewers.B. Ophelia1. In Zeffirellia. Completely mad, gives out bones and sticks and calls them flowers2. Oliviera. Semi-mad, more out of it than insaneC. Dead King1. Zeffirellia. King looks like he is live(a) and is just back visiting not freighting2. Oliviera. Never see the face of the king, comes surrounded in haze overb. Scaryc. See the murder acted out5. ConclusionA. Way the director influenced my perception of the story1. homogeneous story, many of the same lines, same characters, but different feelings emitted from both.a. Zeffirelli humorou s, have fun watching it makes the ending more tragic more of a dramatic changeb. Olivier is dark always fell that something terrible is deviation to happen end not as devastatingc. Polonius Words, words, wordsB. Olivier version constitutes what I believe to be a masterpiece when following Clarks definition from unit four of our book.1. follows all of the guidelinesa. The original play by Shakespeare that it is based off of fills the first 5 requirements as well as the last.b. Oliviers version creates the feeling of release supremacy of the artists art. Whereas Zeffirellis is entertaining but not a masterpiece.c. Oliviers version won 5 Oscars, Zeffirellis, none.Show poke only

Population Control Essay Example for Free

Population Control EssayINTRODUCTIONThe figment of over macrocosm is wiz of the most pervasive myths in Western caller, so deeply ingrained in the culture that it deeply shapes the cultures world view. The myth is compelling because of its simplicity. More people equal fewer resources and more hunger, poverty, environmental degradation, and semipolitical instability. This equation helps explain away the troubling homophile suffering in that other world beyond the neat borders of affluence. By procreating, the poor create their own poverty. We argon absolved of responsibility and freed from complexity. The population trim down is complex. Hartmann (1995) asserts that to put it into proper perspective requires exploring many realms of human experience and addressing difficult philosophical and ethical questions. It entails making connections between fields of thought that have accommodate disconnected as the result of narrow schoolman specialization. It demands the sharpeni ng of critical facilities and clearing the mind of received orthodoxies. And above all, it involves transcending the alienation embodied in the very equipment casualty population bomb and population explosion. Such metaphors suggest destructive technological processes outside human control. But the population issue is about living people, not abstract statistics.PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH universe CONTROLThe myth of overpopulation is destructive because it prevents constructive thinking and action on reproductive issues. Instead of clarifying our understanding of these issues, it obfuscates our mass and limits-our ability to see the real bothers and find workable solutions. Worst of all, it breeds racism and turns womens bodies into a political battlefield. It is a philosophy based on fear, not understanding.Now this picture both the population predictions and the cordial predictions be challenged by those who argue especially against compulsory population controls. It is argue d that we do not have accurate figures demo the number of people now existing in the world, that we have no reliable way of foretell future population growth, that there is no acceptable standard prescribing optimum population size, and that although the pressures of population whitethorn contri excepte to some social ills, they are not the primary cause of them.Those who respond to the population problem in this way point the finger in other causal directions to account for environmental m aginger to our economic system, which encourages environmental destruction, to our technology which is responsible for high-polluting individualized transportation, and to our minimal emphasis on public or mass transit and so on. They also point to the fact that some nutrition experts give us assurance that food resources exist which would permit the feeding of the worlds population even if it doubled.ALLEVIATING SOCIAL ILLS THROUGH cosmos CONTROLThe point is, this argument continues, that a number of voluntary moves can be under receiven to mitigate any(prenominal) causal influences population growth has on our social ills. We can produce more food, redistribute people, bring home the bacon meaningful jobs for women outside the home, provide family planning programs, contraceptive information and service, early abortions, voluntary sterilization, and so on. Anything minuscule of government coercion. Anything short of violating or overriding what is taken to be a fundamental moral and original right the right to procreate and to have as many children as one wants.Gordon (2002) relates in her take for that population control measures would alleviate certain local pockets of poverty, as population spare was relative, not hardly to the means of subsistence, but also to the system of control over the means of subsistence. In the same light, population control has always been closely associated with economic, moral and feminist issues in the United States. Many had a lso become aware that development by itself was not a magical solution to rapid population growth.The thinking of social reform in early twentieth-century America was embedded in the larger understanding that scientific principles could and should be applied in an effort to alleviate social ills. The great social ills we face like a shot poverty, war, hunger, disease and ecological degradation are clearly rooted from the sheer effects of population excess to the global situation, which is why the direct solution to the problem, which is population control, is the first and most potent step to take towards lessening the evil impacts of said social ills to the global community.Although many critics claim that overpopulation has been the famous scapegoat for societys ills, the fact that population could be controlled to a manageable degree could and would facilitate a widely distributed ease in the social inequalities being experienced by the world over due to the scarcity of resour ces available to the privileged few who has the means and the power to be in charge of the distribution or even the consumption of such scant resources.The growth of population very rapid in the less-developed countries, but not negligible in most developed countries, either will continue to compound the quandary by increasing pressure on resources, on the environment, and on human institutions. Rapid expansion of old technologies and the hasty deployment of new ones, stimulated by the pressure of more people wanting more goods and services per person, will surely lead to some major mistakes actions whose environmental or social impacts erode well-being far more than their economic results enhance it.This gloomy prognosis, to which a growing number of scholars and other observers reluctantly subscribes, has motivated a host of proposals for organized evasive action population control, limitation of material consumption, redistribution of wealth, transitions to technologies that are environmentally and socially less disruptive than todays, and movement toward some kind of world government, among others. Implementation of such action would itself have some significant economic and social costs, and it would require an unprecedented international consensus and set of public will to succeed.Throughout its history, the emphasis and primary concern of the population control movement has been the eudaimonia of the family it has stressed the economic, educational, and health advantages of well-spaced, limited numbers of children. Population control cannot be achieved in a social or economic vacuum, of course. To formulate effective population control measures, much greater understanding is postulate about all peoples attitudes toward reproduction, and how these attitudes are affected by various living conditions, including some that seem intimately intolerable to people in developed countries. Even more, it is essential to know what influences and conditions will lead to changes in attitudes in favor of smaller families.OUTLINEINTRODUCTIONPROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH POPULATION CONTROLALLEVIATING SOCIAL ILLS THROUGH POPULATION CONTROLWORKS CITEDHartmann, B. (1995). Reproductive Rights and Wrongs The Global Politics of Population Control. Boston, Massachusetts South End Press.Gordon, L. (2002). The moralistic Property of Women The History of Birth Control Politics in America. Chicago, Illinois University of Illinois Press.

William Morris Research Paper Essay Example for Free

William Morris Research Paper EssayWilliam Morris was a poet, artist, manufacturer, and socialist during the middle to late 19th century. He was most active as a paper and textile room decorator and ulterior in his life a graphic projecter. Morris was born March of 1834 in Walthamstow, which was near to capital of the United Kingdom. He lived with his wealthy family near London and learned to read at a young age. He later attended Oxford where he met is friend, Edward Burne-J ones, who would later become one of the greatest Pre-Raphaelite artists. Morris started at Oxford thinking of turn a clergyman, but soon joined an aesthetic circle. Morris had a great interest in gallant art and architecture, because it was art that was made by people and for people with great science and craft alternatively of art that was made by mass production. After graduating and inheriting his fathers money, Morris started working as an architect. After a few years, Edward Burne-Jones influence d him to become an artist sort of. Morris started as a poet and painter, but later in his life became more interested in politics, tapestries, graphic aim, and textile designs.The Arts and Crafts movement evolved as a revolt against the new age of mechanization, a Romantic effort on part of Morris and others to implement the school of thought of the influential critic John Ru flake, who stated that trustworthy art should be both beautiful and expedient and should base its forms on those found in reputation. Morris and others fought to return to the simplicity, beauty, and craftsmanship that were being destroyed by the influence of mass production. He too became more active as a socialist, and had many writings and leadership roles involving this. La Belle Iseult was the only cognise and finished easel video made by Morris. It was made in 1858 and shows his model, Jane Burden, who became his wife in 1859. Jane is modeling as Iseult standing in front of an unmade bed in a chivalrous room. The painting shows many rich shows, and there is great emphasis on the specimens throughout the painting. These patterns brook be seen in many of Morriss work in his tapestries.Throughout the painting Morris uses textures and patterns to make the lay out feel more realistic. In the foreground he places Iseult who is standing and looking towards the left. She is not addressing the viewer and looks as though she has recently arisen from bed. In the middle ground he places an unmade bed with a leaper snuggledin. In the background there is a woman musician playing for Iseult. Morris paints Iseult with illuminating skin and keeps her the main focus with her light white and pink patterned dress. There are many curtains draping from the ceiling echoing the tricks in her dress. The room is full of things placing it in medieval times. This painting of Iseult is showing her wo oer her lover, Tristram, who was exiled from the court of King Mark. She was locked in the tower after attempting to kill herself.Now she has been sick close to to the point of death mourning for her lover, and this is also shown in the mood of the painting. She stands wistfully in her small chamber, her feelings for Tristram reinforce by the springs of rosemary, symbolizing remembrance, in her crown, and the word DOLOURS (grief) written down the side of her mirror. The greyhound also proves the subject to be Iseult, because it is said Tristram gave her the dog and it is now apply as her identifying emblem. There has been confusion on the name of this piece, and it has also been called Queen Guenevere. This is most likely because Morris wrote a poem called The Defence of Guenevere in the same year the painting was made, which is addressing the same character in the painting. Morris struggled for months on this picture and spent more time on ornamentation and woodcarving.Many of the furnishings in the picture, such as the Turkish rug, the Persian embroidered cover, and the white work hangings are godlike by his actual collection. Strawberry Thief is a printed cotton furnishing textile that was made to be employ as curtains or draperies for a wall. It could induct also been utilise as loose covers on furniture. This pattern is based on the thrushes that Morris would often see stealing his strawberries beside his home in the kitchen garden. This is one of his best known designs and is very colorful with the deep indigo savory he used. The pattern was printed by the indigo poke method, an ancient technique used for many centuries mostly in the East. Morris liked the depth of the color and uncloudedness in the detail. In May 1883 Morris wrote to his daughter, I was a great deal at Merton last hebdomad anxiously superintending the first effect of the Strawberry thief, which I think we shall manage this time.Morris was very pleased with his design and even got it patented. It was the first pattern using this old technique where red and yellow were added to the basic blue and white ground. The entire process was painstakingly long to make and it used very expensive cotton. blush though it was sold at a high price, the textile was one of the most commercially palmy patterns for Morris and one of the clients favorites. Morris was primarily active as a wallpaper and textile designer. The charge topic was a favorite in his work. He would often make his designs simple and stylized and enliven by traditional folk art. Morriss emphasis on the importance of skill and craft and qualification art for the people contradicted his expensive textiles that only the wealthy could afford. Morris worked to restore the art of fine fabric printing and often experimented and researched different methods in making fabrics. Strawberry Thief is a colorful design where Morris used an indigo discharge technique to create it.Morris found that in order to produce a true indigo blue the fabric could not be block printed because the indigo dye ox idizes, changing the color as the fabric dries. Morris reused an early(a) technique of vat-dyeing the entire yardage in indigo. Then, by using either a resist process or through bleach printing, areas of the fabric could be opened (the indigo color removed) and redyed the desired color. Morris would also study old dye recipes, and would wash his fabric in the nearby river and teetotal it on the grass to allow the sun to bleach outside(a) the residual color. He would use positive materials for his primary colors, and would blend dyes and change the strength of dye solution to get the secondary colors. Morriss early works and patterns were simpler and were made from a contemporary style with more obvious repetition. His later patterns and designs became more interlacing with more depth. Morris believed that a pattern should not be at once entirely self-revealing and should hold most mystery for the viewer, being sufficiently complex to maintain his attention.Daisy Wallpaper was made in 1862 and was return-printed for the firm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner Co. It is a design showing a variety of plants. The colors of plants included are white, red and yellow flowers dictated on a pale background with green flecks which represent grass. The flat simple frontal motif was adapted from a tapestry shown in an illuminated manuscript at the British Museum Block-printed in malady colours, on paper The second paper William Morris designed, but the first to be issued (1864). This wallpaper is another one of Morriss flower motifs and is simple and stylized. This was also inspired by traditional folk art. This wallpaper was hand printed which made it very expensive. This was the first pattern that Morrisissued, which took place in the year of 1864. It is a simple design of meadow flowers, and these forms are very similar to those seen in the late medieval tapestries. This wallpaper has a medieval character that connects Morriss early work with the Pre-Raphaelite p ainters. Morris also had an interest in making nature into ornament which also helped influence this design.Morris said any decoration is futile when it does not remind you of something beyond itself. William often observed the plants in his garden and studied them which then they would often end up in many of his works. Morris did not intend for his designs and flowers to be taken as literal transcriptions of natural forms, but instead they were supposed to be seen as stylized re-creations. Morris designed over 50 wallpapers, and advised that the choice of wallpaper for the home must take into account the function of the room. Morris still preferred woven textile hangings over wallpaper, and thought of wallpaper as a makeshift decoration. Though naturalistic, they were not of the over-blown chintzy floral style generally described as French, then popular with aristocratic and wealthy customers. On the other hand, though many were flat and to a degree stylized, often drawing on med ieval sources for their motifs and character, they did not have the severity and the moral overtones of reformed design.During the late 1890s, Morriss wallpapers could be commonly seen in many fastidious middle-class homes. He had great success in creating structured patterns from natural forms, with a sense of innate growth controlled by a subtle geometry, was his most important design legacy. He also influenced the skill of making flat and complex patterns, patterns that were stylized organic forms and motifs of nature. He even changed the way the middle-class adorned their homes. Throughout Morriss career as a designer he worked to bring people away from the commercialization of the Industrial Revolution and he pushed people to come back and reawaken to the romantic ideas of handiwork medieval design.He would often find his inspiration in nature and today many of his designs washbasin be found on tapestries, textiles, wallpaper, stained glass, carpets, and more. He was one of the more influential voices in niminy-piminy art and architecture of the time. Although Morris did so many different kinds of art, there are a few rhetorical elements and ideas that he incorporated throughout his work. Morris really emphasized quality in his work, not only in the quality of theactual design itself, but also in the quality of life. He believed that the two were entwined in a way and he would encourage people around him to make things for themselves. He also used a historic style which played into all of his work.BibliographyArnason, H. H. History of modernistic Art Painting work Architecture Photography. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 2003. Print Chu, Petra ten-Doesschate. Nineteenth-Century European Art. London Laurence King Publishing Ltd, 2012. Print. Cody, David. William Morris A Brief Biography. The Victorian Web. N.p., 17 Oct. 2012. Web. Nov. 2012. http//www.victorianweb.org/authors/morris/wmbio.html. Fowle, Frances. La Belle Iseult. TATE. N.p., Dec. 2000. Web. Nov. 2012. http//www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/morris-la-belle-iseult-n04999/text-summary. Mackail, John WIlliam. William Morris. The Dictionary of National Biography. Supp. vol. 3. London Smith, sr. and Co., 1901. 197203. Print. Marsh, Jan. William Morriss Painting and Drawing. JSTOR. The Burlington mag Publications Ltd., 1986. Web. Nov. 2012. http//www.jstor.org/ enduring/882655. Oman, Charles C., and Hamilton, Jean. Wallpapers a history and illustrated catalogue of the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum. London Sotheby Publications, in association with the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1982. Strawberry Thief. Search the Collections. V A Collections, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012. http//collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O78889/strawberry-thief-furnishing-fabric-morris-william/. Whipple, David. Textile Designs and Books by William Morris. JSTOR. Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978. Web. Nov. 2012. http//www.jstor.org/stable/25159593. William Morris Wallpaper Design. Victoria and Albert Mus eum. Victoria and Albert Museum, 2012. Web. Nov. 2012. http//www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/w/william-morris-and-wallpaper- design/.Images of the WorksTitle La Belle Iseult visit 1858 Medium Oil Paint on Canvas Size Support 718 x 502 mm, Frame 960 x755 x 61 mm tooth root Tate Britain (http//www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/morris-la-belle-iseult-n04999) Title Strawberry Thief witness 1883 Medium Furnishing stuff/Textile Size 60.5 x 95.2 cm Source Victoria and Albert Museum (http//collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O78889/strawberry-thief-furnishing-fabric-morris-william/)Title Daisy Wallpaper Date 1864 Medium block-printed in distemper colors, on paper Size Height 687 mm, Width 544 mm Source Victoria Albert Museum (http//thetextileblog.blogspot.com/2010/09/william-morris-and-daisy-wallpaper.html) 1 . Mackail, John WIlliam. William Morris. The Dictionary of National Biography. Supp. vol. 3. London Smith, Elder and Co., 1901. 197203. 2 . Chu, Petra ten-Doesschate. Nineteenth-Century Europea n Art. London Laurence King Publishing Ltd, 2012. 3 . Cody, David. William Morris A Brief Biography. The Victorian Web. N.p., 17 Oct. 2012. Web. Nov. 2012. . 4 . Arnason, H. H. History of Modern Art Painting Sculpture Architecture Photography. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 2003. 5 . Marsh, Jan. William Morriss Painting and Drawing. JSTOR. The Burlington Magazine Publications Ltd., 1986. Web. Nov. 2012. . 6 . Fowle, Frances. La Belle Iseult. TATE. N.p., Dec. 2000. Web. Nov. 2012. . 7 . Fowle, Fances. La Belle Iseult. 8 . Marsh, Jan. William Morriss Painting and Drawing. 9 . Fowle, Fances. La Belle Iseult. 10 . Strawberry Thief. Search the Collections. V A Collections, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2012. 11 . Strawberry Thief. Search the Collections. V A Collections. 12 . Strawberry Thief. Search the Collections. V A Collections. 13 . Chu, Petra ten-Doesschate. Nineteenth-Century European

Grocery, Inc. Essay Example for Free

marketplace, Inc. Essay grocery, Inc. is a retail grocery store chain based in each State U.S.A. marketplace has stores throughout the United States. foodstuff has indite trim downs with many different vendors to obtain the convergences they dish out in their stores. Vendors range from individuals to international corporations. Tom works as the produce man epochr for the store in My Town, U.S.A. Jeff, 17 years old, is spending his summer vacation operative for Tom in the produce department.A.) Does article 2 of the Uniform Commercial write in code (UCC) try for to the quails between grocery and its vendors? Do common jurisprudence needs apply? Explain, in detail, why or why non. Your answer should comp are and contrast common equity withers and UCC Article 2 contracts.Yes Article 2 of the UCC does apply to the contracts between Grocery and their vendors. Article 2 applies to totally contracts for the sale of goods (2-102). The code contains a somewhat complic ated definition of goods (2-105) the most important thing to regard is that the term goods means tangible soulfulnessal property.Article 2 does not apply to contracts for the sale of veritable estate or stocks and bonds and other intangibles. The drafters of the code besides tried to promote fair dealing and high standards of behavior in the marketplace. They attempted to do this in several ways in Article 2. The Code imposes a duty on everyone making agreements to a lower place the Code to act in good creed (1-203). The Code also imposes certain standards of attribute on traffickers of goods as a matter of justice.Common constabulary contracts would also apply to the Grocery and their vendors, due to the mixture of goods and services. Common law would apply to the service cistron that is predominant in the contract with regards to the delivery of the goods. (Barnes, J). The difference between Article 2 and common law is that if the contract is for the sale of goods hen ce Article 2 would apply, if it is not then the principles of common law chthonian contracts would apply.Article 2 reflects an attitude about contracts that is fundamentallydifferent from that of the common law. The Code is more come to with rewarding peoples legitimate expectations than with technical rules, so it is generally more flexible than traditional contract law. A court that applies the Code is more likely to find the parties had a contract than a court that applies contract law (2-204). In some cases, the Code gives less weight to technical requirements such(prenominal) as context than is the case in contract law. (Barnes, J).B.) Grocery contracted with Masterpiece Construction to renovate the store on Main Street in My Town. Masterpiece, unable to complete the renovation within the six month clipping limit due to a sudden increase in jobs, sub-contracted the entire job to build them to fall. Grocery was unaware of the sub-contract. When Grocery realized (due to poor quality of work) that Build, not Masterpiece, was handling the renovation, Grocery petitioned the court for an instruction and then sued Masterpiece for breech of contract and particular(prenominal) performance. Masterpiece argued that it had a right to delegate the duties of the contract, or in the alternative, to discharge the contract due to commercial impracticability. Who wins? Explain your answer.Based on the information provided by Grocery would win the case based on breech of contract and limited performance. Under breech of contract, promissory must perform their contractual duties in the manner they have call upd to perform them. Since Masterpiece did not perform the duties in the manner in which they promised they are liable for breech of contract. The courts recognize that there are three basic degrees of performance complete or satisfactory performance, substantial performance, and material breech of contract. (Barnes, J).A contract consists of both rights and dutie s. A contracting party has the duty to perform his or her own promise and the right to receive the other partys promised performance. These rights and duties hindquarters usually be transferred to terce persons.When rights to a lower place a contract are transferred, this is called assignment. The transfer of duties is called a delegation. Not all contracts are assignableover the objection of the promissory. The promissory who delegates duties is still liable to the promise if the party to whom the duties were delegated fails to satisfactorily perform them. This would make Masterpiece liable for the quality of work that Build them to fall produced for Grocery. The only exception to this rule would have been if the parties had entered into a novation which is a new, founder agreement by the promisee to release the original promissory from liability in exchange for a third partys agreement to assume the promisors duties.As for Masterpieces claim that they had a right to delegate t he duties to Build them to Fall under commercial impracticability they would have to show that unforeseen conditions would have ca hired a delay or softness to make delivery of the goods (make performance impracticable), then they would have been able to claim commercial impracticability. In the absence of compelling circumstances, the courts do not readily excuse parties from their contractual obligations, particularly where it is clear that the parties anticipated a problem and sought to provide for it in the contract. Since Masterpiece had contracted to perform the work for Grocery and then had a sudden increase in jobs this would not be considered compelling circumstances for sub-contracting the job to a company that would perform a poor quality of work.C.) At the end of the summer, Jeff had earned enough notes to put a down payment on a car. He sinkd to continue working part time during school to earn money for the car payments. Jeff obtaind a car from Steve at the local anesthetic used car lot. Steve did not ask Jeff how old he was but assumed he had reached the age of majority. Jeff paid the down payment and signed the contract stating that he would make payments of $200 each month. sextette months by and by Jeff lost his job and could no longer make the payments. Jeff took the car back to Steve and verbalise he wanted to croupecel the contract and that he wanted his money back. What are the possible outcomes? Explain your answers.Jeff was a pincer at the time of the contract. Therefore, Jeff is considered not to have the capacity to enter into contracts. Steve made the deal in good faith that Jeff was old enough to enter into the contract.Unfortunately, the contract is voidable.Jeff was correct that he could disaffirm the contract. And upon the disaffirmance, Jeff had to return the vehicle to Steve. Even though the right to disaffirm a contract was meant to protect minors, some states have balked that paper because that view creates a ha rdship on the adult involved. Under the case of Dodson v. Shrader, 824 W.2d 545 Tenn. Sup. Ct. 1992), Steve would be allowed to recover the disparagement of the vehicle from the monies that Jeff has paid. Especially considering the fact that Jeff has had the vehicle for six months or more.The states defer on the idea that the minor inevitably to be reimburse the innocent adult for dealing with the minor. However, many times minors can pass as adults at approximately 14 years of age and up. Minors also stick by fake IDs to get things like buying beer. Therefore, by allowing the minor to get away with not gainful the debt he or she resulting entered or lied to the adult to sign a contract, is not in the best inte anticipate of society to allow the minor not to suffer the consequences. Therefore, holding the minor prudent for his or her actions is one way for the minor to learn responsibility.D.) Grocery has a written contract with grain, Inc. to purchase 20 cases of cereal per mo nth at $22 per case. The contract does not state the types of cereal or how the 20 cases will be divided up between Grocerys 20 stores in Any State. afterward a flood, Cereal suffers severe water damage in its warehouse. With the exception of slow Flakes, Cereal does not have enough undamaged cereal to comply with its Grocery contract. On the day delivery was due, Grocery receives 10 cases of Soggy Flakes at the three stores located in My Town and dickens stores in Your Town. 12 days before delivery was due, Grocery had requested, by facsimile, that 15 cases containing a variety of cereals be delivered to the flipper stores arguinged above with the remaining five cases going to Grocerys warehouse in Corp Town. Grocery wants to reject the freight rates of Soggy Flakes and cancel its contract with Cereal. Discuss Grocerys rights under contract law. Cereal argues that based on the gap-filling rule, it had the right to transfer the toll of thecontract. Analyze the gap filling pr ovisions of UCC Article 2 as they pertain to the harm of this contract. What rights and/or defenses, if any, does Cereal have under contract law? Analyze the remedies available to Grocery and/or Cereal. Explain all answers in detail.Grocery has the right to reject the shipment. Grocery has to apprise Cereal that the shipment was not adequate and is being rejected pursuant to Article 2-602. The notice must be realised within a reasonable time and preferably in writing Article 2-602. Grocery has the right to reject the shipment and cancel the contract.. However, Cereal must notify Grocery that due to unforeseeable circumstances, the shipment will consist of Soggy Flakes and only ten cases of cereal will be delivered.Cereal must notify Grocery that Cereal intends to replace the shipment within a reasonable time (gap-filling rule). However, under the circumstances, Cereal whitethorn not know how long Cereal may be without the correct output. Furthermore, Cereal needs to decide what it wants Grocery to do with the product (whether to sell the product, destroy the product, or store the product for later pick-up). Grocery does not have to pay for return shipment.If Grocery feels that Cereal cannot fall in the obligations incurred, Grocery can demand an assurance that the contract will be performed. If the assurance is not forthcoming within 30 days, then Grocery can repudiate the contract Section 2-609. If Grocery later decides the Cereal can meet the terms of the contract, Grocery can decide to continue wit the contract if Cereal can show that Cereal intends to meet the obligations of the contract.E.) Tom fatigued his time away from work on his hobby, model packs. His correct set was very large and consisted of rare and one-of-a-kind trains. One day, while visiting with a fellow train hobbyist rag, Tom said, When I retire in two years from Grocery, Im going to sell my trains and spend the rest of my years traveling on real trains. Tom then told Harry that h e was the only person he planned to offer his trains to because he knew Harry would take good care of them. Harry said he looked forward to the day when he could buy the trains. Harry then spent the next two years and most of his savingsbuilding a new 2,000 sq. ft. way onto his house to make room for the trains. When Harry told Tom that he was building the new room, Tom just smiled. Tom also perceive that Harry had borrowed money from his aunt to buy the trains. When Tom retired, he sold his trains to David. Harry sued Tom claiming let on of contract, or in the alternative, for promissory estoppels. Who wins? Explain your answer.Although Tom and Harry did not have a written contract about the purchase of the trains, they did have a verbal contract. Breach of contract is described as any failure to perform that is not excused (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, Langvardt, 2004). When Tom told Harry that Tom would sell his trains to Harry, Harry had the reasonable expectation that Harry would receive the trains. Harry then spent a large tote up of money building an addition to his house in fix up to have room for the trains. Harry also had borrowed the money to purchase the trains from his aunt.Promissory estoppel is an equitable doctrine that protects those who foreseeably and reasonably rely on the promises of others by enforcing such promises when enforcement is necessary to avoid mischief, even though one or more of the elements traffic patternly required for an enforceable agreement is absent (Mallor, et al, 2004, glossary). In this case an injustice to Harry did exist because of the money he spent in building onto his house and expectation he had of receiving the trains.Harry wins the case based on the deferred payment of promissory estoppels in section 90 in the first Restatement of Contracts in 1932 (Mallor, et al, 2004, 338). The court would see the injustice to Harry by Tom failing to fulfill his promise to sell his trains to Harry.F.) Jason shipped a truc k freight rate of peaches from his orchard to Grocery using an independent trucker. In route, the truck broke down and the shipment was delayed three days. The peaches were bollocks when they arrived. The terms of the contract were F.O.B. Who bears the risk? Explain your answer.F.O.B. (Free on Board) means the seller is responsible to deliver the goods let go of of expense and at his own risk to the designated place of delivery. In this case Jacob was responsible for the shipment until it reached Grocery. Grocery would be able to file a sheath against Jason for damages. Jason would, however, be able to file a suit against the independent trucker for the damages to the peaches.This case is similar to the case in the textbook Windows, Inc. v. Jordan Panel Systems Corp. In this case, however, the term FOB is not used. The windows were to be properly packed and shipped, but were damaged due to load shift during transport. The buyer, Jordan, expected to receive the windows in good cond ition, ready to install. When the windows were delivered in bad condition, Jordon filed against the trucking company and did not pay Windows for the order. Jordan then ordered a duplicate order to be shipped that Jordan received with no problem. The error in this case was that Jordan did not pay Windows for either order and Windows had to file suit against Jordan in order to be paid for the shipments. Judgment was affirmed in favor of Windows.G.) Discuss the different warranties that apply to Grocerys traffic. Explain your answer in detail.Grocerys business operates under the implied warranty of merchantability. This warranty is one that the legal connection has created, not one that is operating under a written or accepted contract. The warranty operates under UCC section 2-314(l) . Section UCC 20314(l) reads A warranty that the goods shall be merchantable is implied in a contract for their sale if the seller is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind. (Mallor, Barnes, Bowe rs and Langvardt, 2007). Under this warranty, Grocerys implied warranty is that the products sold will be useable for the inclination intended. Grocery would be held responsible for products like canned goods, meats, bakery items, and the like because Grocery is in the business of selling these goods.Section 2-314 states the products must meet the following criteria.(1)In the trade, the product must pass inspection without objection.(2)The product must be fit for the purpose for which the product wasintended(3)The product must be of even kind, meter (same size unit), and kind (like boxed cereal).(4)The product must be adequately packaged and labeled (must list things like the calories per serving).(5)The product must conform to the packaging and labeling regarding any promises or statements that may be verbalise (the cereal must be Rice Krispies and not Cheerios if the box is marked Rice Krispies).(6)If a product is perishable, the product must be of fair quality.If goods do not conform to the above standards, a consumer may pursue legal remedies. Goods that do not function as intended are not merchandisable and would not meet the above standards. Furthermore, Grocery would be responsible for the goods sold at the store, not for computer products since the normal business of Grocery would be for canned goods, bakery items, meats, and the like.H.) Supplier Inc., a large wholesaler, had a contract with Grocery. Supplier sued Grocery for breach of contract when Grocery failed to place an order for goods by a specific date as specified in the contract. Each order was worth at least $550. Grocery contended that the contract Bill Green signed was a standard preprinted supply contract without specifics regarding time of order and quantity. Green had authority to sign a standard supply contract, but could not authorize specific terms. This was unknown to Supplier. Supplier argued that terms were boilerplate and therefore could be modified by acceptance. Supplier of fered oral certification at trial to prove that Green agreed to the modifications. Is there a contract? If so, what are the terms? Explain your answer.1. Yes, there is a contract. The contract that Green claims to be a standardpreprinted supply contract and Suppliers claim can be modified by acceptance.2. The terms are that Grocery was supposed to purchase goods by a specific date.3. Each order is worth at least $550.a.) Also, discuss the use of Suppliers oral testimony at trial.1. The use of Suppliers oral testimony can go either way. oral testimony can be very effective if Supplier can prove that what Supplier is verbal expression is true. Oral testimony can also be detrimental to Suppliers case if it is proven that Supplier is lying.2. Presenting to the courts and the jury that the copy of the actual contract is always a good idea. It will be up to the courts to decide if the original contract stands or if it is void.ReferencesEdition e-text Prentice-Hall Publishing. Retrieved August 25, 2005, from University of Phoenix, Resource BUS/415-Business Law Web stationhttps//ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary/content/eReader.Mallor, J.P., Barnes, A.J., Bowers, T., Langvardt, A.W. (2007). Business law The ethical, global and e-commerce environment, 13e. The McGraw-Hill CompaniesUniversity of Phoenix. (Ed) (2005). Business Law University of Phoenix Custom

The History of Nokia Essay Example for Free

The History of Nokia EssayThe predecessors of the modern Nokia were the Nokia Company (Nokia Aktiebolag), Finnish hawkshaw Works Ltd (Suomen Gummitehdas Oy) and Finnish Cable Works Ltd (Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy). 13 Nokias history started in 1865 when mining engineer Fredrik Idestam established a groundwood pulp mill on the banks of the Tammerkoski rapids in the town of Tampere, in southwestern Finland in the Russian pudding stone and started manufacturing paper. 14 In 1868, Idestam built a second mill near the town of Nokia, fifteen kilometres (nine miles) west of Tampere by the Nokianvirta river, which had better resources for hydropower intersection pointion. 15 In 1871, Idestam, with the help of his close friend statesman Leo Mechelin, renamed and transformed his firm into a share company, thereby founding the Nokia Company, the name it is still known by today. 15Toward the end of the 19th century, Mechelins wishes to set off into the electricity furrow were at freshman thwarted by Idestams op bunk. However, Idestams retirement from the management of the company in 1896 allowed Mechelin to become the companys chairman (from 1898 until 1914) and sell most shareholders on his plans, thus realizing his vision. 15 In 1902, Nokia added electricity generation to its business activities. 14 Networking equipment A Nokia P30 In the 1970s, Nokia became much involved in the telecommunications industry by maturation the Nokia DX 200, a digital switch for bid exchanges.The DX 200 became the workhorse of the net income equipment division. Its modular and flexible architecture enabled it to be developed into non-homogeneous switching products. 25 In 1984, development of a version of the exchange for the Nordic unstable Telephony communicate was started. 26 For a while in the 1970s, Nokias network equipment production was separated into Telefenno, a company jointly have by the parent corporation and by a company owned by the Finnish state. In 1987, the st ate sold its shares to Nokia and in 1992 the name was changed to Nokia Telecommunications.In the 1970s and 1980s, Nokia developed the Sanomalaitejarjestelma (Message device system), a digital, take-away and encrypted text edition-based communications device for the Finnish defence mechanism Forces. 27 The current main unit intentiond by the Defence Forces is the Sanomalaite M/90 (SANLA M/90). 28 In 1998, watch Point established a partnership with Nokia, which bundled Check Points Software with Nokias computer Network Security Appliances. 29 Involvement in GSM Nokia was one of the key developers of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications),35 the second-generation ready technology which could carry data as well as voice traffic. NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony), the mans first liquid telephony standard that enabled international roaming, provided valuable experience for Nokia for its close participation in developing GSM, which was adopted in 1987 as the parvenu European st andard for digital industrious technology. 3637Nokia delivered its first GSM network to the Finnish operator Radiolinja in 1989. 38 The worlds first commercial GSM call was made on 1 July 1991 in Helsinki, Finland over a Nokia-supplied network, by then Prime Minister of Finland Harri Holkeri, using a prototype Nokia GSM phone. 38 In 1992, the first GSM phone, the Nokia 1011, was launched. 3839 The model number refers to its launch date, 10 November. 39 The Nokia 1011 did not yet employ Nokias characteristic ringtone, the Nokia tune. It was introduced as a ringtone in 1994 with the Nokia 2100 series. 40 GSMs high-quality voice calls, easy international roaming and support for new answers like text messaging (SMS) laid the foundations for a worldwide boom in mobile phone use. 38 GSM came to dominate the world of mobile telephony in the 1990s, in mid-2008 accounting for about three billion mobile telephone subscribers in the world, with more than 700 mobile operators across 218 coun tries and territories. New connections are added at the rate of 15 per second, or 1. 3 meg per day. 41Challenges of growthThe Nokia House, Nokias head office located by the Gulf of Finland in Keilaniemi, Espoo, was constructed in the midst of 1995 and 1997. It is the workplace of more than 1,000 Nokia employees. 21 In the 1980s, during the era of its chief executive officer Kari Kairamo, Nokia expanded into new fields, mostly by acquisitions. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the corporation ran into serious financial problems, a major reason macrocosm its heavy losses by the television manufacturing division and businesses that were just too diverse. 49 These problems, and a suspected add up burnout, probably contributed to Kairamo taking his own life in 1988.After Kairamos death, Simo Vuorilehto became Nokias Chairman and chief executive officer. In 19901993, Finland infrawent severe sparing depression,50 which also struck Nokia. Under Vuorilehtos management, Nokia was se verely overhauled. The company responded by streamlining its telecommunications divisions, and by divesting itself of the television and PC divisions. 51 belike the most important strategic change in Nokias history was made in 1992, however, when the new CEO Jorma Ollila made a crucial strategic decision to concentrate solely on telecommunications. 23 Thus, during the rest of the 1990s, the rubber, product line and consumer electronics divisions were gradually sold as Nokia continued to divest itself of all of its non-telecommunications businesses. 23As late as 1991, more than a get out of Nokias turnover still came from sales in Finland. However, after the strategic change of 1992, Nokia dictum a huge increase in sales to atomic number 7 America, South America and Asia. 52 The exploding worldwide popularity of mobile telephones, beyond even Nokias most optimistic predictions, caused a logistics crisis in the mid-1990s. 53 This prompted Nokia to overhaul its entire logistics op eration. 54 By 1998, Nokias commission on telecommunications and its early investment in GSM technologies had made the company the worlds largest mobile phone manufacturer,52 a position it would hold for the next 14 consecutive years until 2012. Between 1996 and 2001, Nokias turnover increased almost five-fold from 6. 5 billion euros to 31 billion euros. 52 Logistics continues to be one of Nokias major advantages over its rivals, along with great economies of scale. 5556 2000 to presentProduct releases The Nokia 3310 sold between 2000 and 2003, is arguably one of the most well known mobile phones. Reduction in size of Nokia mobile phones Nokia launched its Nokia 1100 handset in 2003,30 with over 200 cardinal units shipped, was the popular mobile phone of all time and the worlds top-selling consumer electronics product. 57 Nokia was one of the first players in the mobile space to roll in the hay that there was a market opportunity in combining a game console and a mobile phone (both of which many gamers were carrying in 2003) into the N-Gage.The N-Gage was a mobile phone and game console meant to decoy gamers away from the Game Boy Advance, though it cost twice as much. 58 The N-Gage was not a success, and from 2007 and 2008, Nokia started to toss an N-Gage service on existing Symbian S60 smartphones to play games. Nokia Productions was the first ever mobile filmmaking project directed by Spike Lee. Work began in April 2008, and the film premiered in October 2008. 59 In 2009, the company announce a high-end Windows-based netbook called the Nokia leaflet 3G. 48 On 2 September 2009, Nokia launched two new music and social networking phones, the X6 and X3. 60 The Nokia X6 featured 32GB of on-board memory with a 3. 2 finger touch interface and comes with a music playback time of 35 hours. The Nokia X3 was the first series 40 Ovi Store-enabled device.The X3 was a music device that comes with stereo speakers, built-in FM radio, and a 3. 2 megapixel camera. In 2009, Nokia also unveiled the 7705 Twist, a phone sporting a square shape that swiveled open to widen a full QWERTY keypad, featuring a 3 megapixel camera, web browsing, voice commands and weighting around 3. 4 ounces (98 g). 61 On 9 August 2012, Nokia launched for the Indian market two new Asha range of handsets equipped with cloud speed Nokia browser, helping users browse the Internet faster and lower their spend on data charges. 62 Symbian Symbian was Nokias main smartphone OS until 2011. In Q4 2004, Nokia released its first touch screen phone, the Nokia 7710. In September 2006, Nokia proclaimed the Nokia N95, a Symbian-powered slider smartphone. It was released in February 2007 as the first phone with a 5-megapixel camera.It became hugely popular. A 8GB variant was released in October 2007. In November 2007, Nokia announced and released the Nokia N82, its first Nseries phone with Xenon flash. At the Nokia World conference in December 2007, Nokia announced their Comes With medicinal drug program Nokia device buyers are to receive a year of complimentary access to music downloads. 63 The service became commercially available in the second half of 2008. The first Nseries device, the N90, utilised the older Symbian OS 8. 1 mobile operating system, as did the N70.Subsequently Nokia switched to using SymbianOS 9 for all after Nseries devices (except the N72, which was based on the N70). Newer Nseries devices incorporate newer revisions of SymbianOS 9 that include Feature Packs. The N800, N810, N900, N9 and N950 are as of April 2012 the only Nseries devices (therefore excluding Lumia devices) to not use Symbian OS. They use the Linux-based Maemo, except the N9, which uses MeeGo. 64 In 2008, Nokia released the Nokia E71 which was marketed to directly compete with the other BlackBerry-type devices offering a full qwerty keyboard and cheaper prices.Nokia stated that Maemo would be developed alongside Symbian. Maemo had since (Maemo 6 and beyond) merged with I ntels Moblin, and became MeeGo. MeeGo was later canceled and a development is now continued under name Sailfish OS. 65 The Nokia N8, from September 2010, is the first device to function on the Symbian3 mobile operating system. Nokia revealed that the N8 pass on be the last device in its flagship N-series devices to ship with Symbian OS. 6667 Alliance with Microsoft The Nokia Lumia 920, Nokias current flagship device.On 11 February 2011, Nokias CEO Stephen Elop, a former head of Microsoft business division, unveiled a new strategic alliance with Microsoft, and announced it would replace Symbian and MeeGo with Microsofts Windows Phone operating system6970 except for mid-to-low-end devices, which would continue to run under Symbian. Nokia was also to invest into the series 40 platform and release a single MeeGo product in 2011. 71 As part of the restructuring plan, Nokia intend to reduce spending on research and development, instead customising and enhancing the software line for Wi ndows Phone 7. 72 Nokias applications and content investment company (Ovi) becomes integrated into the Windows Phone Store, and Nokia Maps is at the heart of Microsofts Bing and AdCenter.Microsoft provides developer tools to Nokia to replace the Qt framework, which is not supported by Windows Phone 7 devices. 73 Symbian became described by Elop as a franchise platform with Nokia planning to sell 150 million Symbian devices after the alliance was set up. MeeGo emphasis was on longer-term exploration, with plans to ship a MeeGo-related product later in 2012. Microsofts search engine, Bing was to become the search engine for all Nokia phones.Nokia also intended to get some aim of customisation on WP7. 74 After this announcement, Nokias share price fell about 14%, its biggest drop since July 2009. 75 As Nokia was the largest mobile phone and smartphone manufacturer worldwide at the time,76 it was suggested the alliance would make Microsofts Windows Phone 7 a stronger competitor again st android and iOS. 73 Because previously increasing sales of Symbian smartphones began to fall rapidly in the beginning of 2011, Nokia was overtaken by orchard apple tree as the worlds biggest smartphone maker by volume in June 2011. 77 78In August 2011 Chris Weber, head of Nokias subsidiary in the U. S. , stated The reality is if we are not successful with Windows Phone, it doesnt matter what we do (elsewhere). He further added trades union America is a priority for Nokia ( ) because it is a key market for Microsoft. . 79 Nokia reported well above 1 million sales for its Lumia line up to 26 January 2012,8081 2 million sales for the first quarter of 2012,82 and 4 million for the second quarter of 2012. 83 In this quarter, Nokia only sold 600,000 smartphones (Symbian and Windows Phone 7) in North America. 84 For comparison, Nokia sold more than 30 million Symbian devices world-wide still in Q4 201085 and the Nokia N8 alone sold almost 4 million in its first quarter of sale. In Q2 2012, 26 million iPhones and 105 million Android phones have been shipped, but only 6. 8 million devices with Symbian and 5. 4 million with Windows Phone86 While announcing an alliance with Groupon, Elop declare The competition is not with other device manufacturers, its with Google. 87European carriers have stated that Nokia Windows phones are not inviolable enough to compete with Apple iPhone or Samsung Galaxy phones, that they are overpriced for what is not an innovative product and that No one comes into the store and asks for a Windows phone. 88 In June 2012, Nokia chairman Risto Siilasmaa told journalists that Nokia had a back-up plan in the eventuality that Windows Phone failed to be sufficiently successful in the market. 8990 On October 29, 2012, Nokia said its high-end Lumia 820 and 920 phones, which will run on Microsofts Windows Phone 8 software, will each first operators and retail outlets in some European markets including France and Britain and later in Russia and Ge rmany as well as other select markets. 91On December 5, 2012, Nokia introduced two new smartphones, the Lumia 620 and Lumia 920T. The 620 was released in January 2013. In January 2013, Nokia reported 6. 6 million smartphone sales for Q4 2012 consisting of 2. 2 million Symbian and 4. 4 million sales of Lumia devices (Windows Phone 7 and 8). 92 In North America, only 700,000 mobile phones have been sold including smartphones. In May 2013 Nokia released the Asha platform for its low-end borderline smartphone devices

Light throws sparks Essay Example for Free

elucidation throws sparks EssayThe article discusses the recent event that happened within the University of Zulia (LUZ). Last May 8 and 9, there had been found of tear bollix up canisters at the Faculty of Liberal and Education as well as in the Faculty of Dentistry. The two consecutive events created fear and anxiety for the students, faculty, and administrators of the University. The incident left 17 students and 1 prof severely injured. As a result, the incident disturbed most of the classes, and led to the cancellation of all the classes in the morning. Classes in the afternoon resumed but fear was still felt by the students and the faculty. In edict to care for and keep back the terrifying incident, the University had already called the attention of the disposal. Although the University of Zulia is known for its autonomy from the government, Rose Nava, a Vicerrectora Academic, stated Article 7 of the University law which stipulates that in times of grave danger, the police must be called. The said incident was believed to be caused by the clash of candidates for the election of the Confederacy of Universities (FCU).Although no parties argon admitting the violent act, candidates sire spoken to their co-students to founder the violence and resort to proper and legal means for their concerns. Luiggi Nery, a candidate of the Initiative 13, said, We should avoid the accommodation of destructive carry outs. Jose Vine, also a student leader, stated that anything that results in benevolent losses or action that leads to violence must be stopped. Title Behind Closed Doors They Sign the Collective contract of Sidor originator Henry Parada Lopez Published 05 -13-2008 Tuesday From Nuevaprensa. com (http//www. nuevaprensa. com. ve/index. php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=10060Itemid=2) The article narrates the recent event that involved the Government of Venezuela and Sutiss, a trade name producing company. The government and Sutiss both write a co ntract for the creation of a nonher corporation which will expatriate the name Iron Steel Works of Venezuela. The mission of this new corporation is to deepen the steel and branding iron products as well as develop the technologies to create quality products. The contract signing was supposed to be conducted in public, but the higher ups changed their plan, as sudden actions against constructing the corporation created worries.Thus, rather than having the Guyanese Region present, the workers were the littlely audience in the contract signing. Instead of conducting a collective signing, President Hugo Chavez was given a hindrance of the corporation. The President truly believes that the promotion of mining and enhancement of steel and iron production would truly enhance the economy of Venezuela. President Hugo Chavez, a known socialist, said We be going to create this corporation to order all the system of production of our steel, since the mines where the mineral of the iron is produced. The President also said that capitalism is not good for a state and in order to stop that, one must continue ascendant spaces inside the farming. Though there lots of negative comments towards the corporation, President Hugo Chavez is positive towards the outcome of this corporation, not and economically but socially. In achieving succeeder, the President called for action towards unity and cooperation. He encouraged the working class, students, peasants and the content Armed Forces to be matured and to leave each others differences for their own success. Title Politics and Sex Should Be in the Same Scale Author Charlie GarciaPublished 05-12 -2008 Monday From CadenaGlobal. com (http//www. cadenaglobal. com/Noticias/? Not=174607) The column was about a oppugn raised by a reader in which she asked the rights of women and how is it addressed by the government. As the author discussed, we are currently in the modern times wherein women could easily relate to love an d sex. Due to this, there is a need for the government to open up this topic and create official political documents addressing such issue. The writer stated that in the past, sex is not something that the international community is paying attention to as it is viewed as only an external factor.However, because of the emergence of globalization and strengthened Western relations, the ways on how the issues of sex are viewed have changed. Although openness in terms of sex can be observed in legion(predicate) societies, there are still countries that are not open to changes. In Afghanistan and Iraqcountries currently occupied by the coupled Stateswomen are killed or given death threats if they hold any government positions. In Venezuela, the government has very well reflected the current female rights but it is not enough to address the problem of the rights of women.As the writer put it, the the government at times find the theme of the female human rights in addition problematic to discuss in detail or they see it with little post. In the international community, there are evident examples of discrimination of women. These include the little reference on the female rights against domesticated violence, sexual exploitation, and forced marriages, among others. There are no sanctions against countries that have a high percentage of human rights, specifically for women. Commentary I often heard of the country Venezuela through international pageants, newspapers, television and the internet.As I have known, it is filled with arouse tourist spots due to its location and rich culture. However, as I was browsing the internet trying to find news that seemed interesting to me, I learned more than about the country Venezuela. It is not simply a country with a lot of tourist destinations it is a country filled with issues and concerns, just like others countries of today. As a developing country, Venezuela has a lot of concerns to address and one of them is the st rict competition when it comes to elections.Just like in any country or culture, a person or organization that strongly feels about their advocacy would result in violence if he or she does not see that their goals are attained. I do believe that the launch of the tear gas canisters which led to violence was caused by their strong belief or was a form of protest. Although it is not a terrorist attack, it still brought fear to the University. The second article that I chose discussed about a contract that supposedly signed by President Hugo Chavez and Sutiss. I find the news intriguing, because the reason behind the sudden closed penetration the contract signing was not publicized.There are a lot of speculations that came into my mind, including corruption and conspiracy. The news was interesting but I suddenly questioned the true intentions of the government and the Sutiss in cooperating to establish a new company. The go topic was about sexuality and the current actions of the g overnment towards creating female human rights. This story really piqued my interest because it focused on the reality of what really is happening in terms of the rights of women. The statement given by the writer, for instance, drew my attention.The creation of and addressing the human rights of women is very complicated to discuss as it may require recreating the laws of the state of matter to fit the rights to be granted for women. It is evident that even in the modern world, women are still moderate due to the restrictions made by the society and the government. Although there are plans made for the women to have determined and precise laws applicable to them, there are no direct actions made by the government to present their real interest to create equality between men and women. All the news articles made me realize that any country has its own issues that need to be solved.Further studies on Venezuela would reveal the roles of culture, society, and history in the issues t hat this country is currently facing. The hunger for power, development, and equality are the major struggles seen in these articles. Each of these presents the different sides of Venezuela which I have never seen before. There is a huge difference between life in Venezuela and the lifestyle of United States. In Venezuela, I believe that poverty is definitely hard to eradicate due to lack of teaching and opportunities for the people. On the other hand, development and progress is also a challenge to achieve.This is evident in the lines express by President Hugo Chavez in which he encouraged and called for all the citizens to unify and cooperate in achieving success and development. Although there are many struggles in attaining these goals, hope is still exhibited by the President which shows his passion and liking to create a successful Venezuela.Works CitedGarcia, Charlie. Politica y sexo deberian estar en la misma balanza. Cadena Global. Cadenaglobal. com. 12 May 2008. 14 May 2008 http//www. cadenaglobal. com/Noticias/? Not=174607